Long-term high-fat diet inhibits hippocampal expression of insulin receptor substrates and accelerates cognitive deterioration in obese rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the effect of long-term high-fat diet on the expressions of insulin receptor substrates in the hippocampus and spatial learning and memory ability of obese rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 100 4-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups and fed with common diet (CD group, n=40) or high-fat diet (HFD group, n=60) for 16 weeks. At 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks, 8 rats were randomly selected from each group for testing their spatial learning and memory function using Morris water maze. After the tests, the rats were sacrificed for measurement of the metabolic parameters and detection of the expressions of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and IRS-2 mRNAs in the CA1 region of the hippocampus.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with those in CD group, the rats in HFD group showed a prolonged escape latency, longer swimming distance, faster average swimming speed, and shorter stay in the platformat 12 weeks. In HFD group, the serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting insulin were all significantly increased (P<0.05) and the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased (P<0.01) in comparison with those in CD group at each of the time points. No significant difference was found in fast glucose levels between the two groups (P>0.05), but the expressions of IRS-1 and IRS-2 mRNAs were significantly decreased in HFD group at 12 weeks (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In obese rats, long-term feeding with high-fat diet leads to insulin resistance, which interferes with hippocampal expression of insulin receptor substrates and insulin metabolism to cause impairment of the cognitive function and accelerate cognitive deterioration.</p>

Research progress on quality control of Chinese materia medica / 中草药

The research on quality control of Chinese materia medica (CMM) has always been the key to the research and development of CMM. The quality standard of CMM determines the safety and effectiveness of CMM. As the effective ingredients of CMM, pharmacological material base is not clear, making it difficult to internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine. Faced with this problem, modern pharmacy research has made a lot of remarkable results. The determination of intrinsic components by high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and so on, from single index to multi-index, combined with fingerprints and pharmacological effects of research have made a lot of progress. Quality markers of the new concept of the proposed quality standards for CMM put forward new requirements, is conducive to the establishment of quality control and quality traceability system of CMM, which brings new hope for the development of CMM industry.

Research progress on blood lipid regulating effects of Chinese materia medica / 中草药

Hyperlipidemia is a common clinical disease. In recent years, the incidence of hyperlipidemia increased, and patients gradually increased. Hyperlipidemia easily leads to atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and causes crisis to human health. Clinically, Western medicine treatment has a good effect, but also the existence of side effects and even toxic effects, long-term use of drug resistance and other issues. Chinese materia medica (CMM) under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory, with good efficacy and side effects of small features in the clinical dialectical treatment, plays the characteristics of Chinese medicine, and has obvious advantages. In this paper, CMM monomer, single CMM, compound, and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of hyperlipidemia were reviewed, and Chinese medicine lipid-lowering development prospects and problems were analyzed.

Clinical research on repairing alveolar cleft with osteoinduction active material / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the feasibility and authenticity of repairing alveolar defects in alveolar cleft patients with osteoinduction active material (OAM) in clinic.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-seven cases of alveolar defect chosen from clinic were divided into two groups (test group and control group). For test group (12 cases), OAM was transplanted to repair the alveolar cleft. For control group (15 cases), autogenous ilium cancellous bone were transplanted into the defect region to repair alveolar cleft. At 6 months after operation, CT and three-dimensional reconstruction were used to observe alveolar appearance, and the effect and clinical success rate of recover alveolar cleft by using different repair material were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the 27 cases, all the maxillary continuity was restored except two of test group and two of control group. There was no significant difference between test group and control group regarding the clinical success rate of the alveolar cleft repair (P = 1.000).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>OAM was used to repair the alveolar cleft that can result in new bone formations and the burgeon of canines from the bone grafted areas. There is no significant difference between OAM and autogenous ilium cancellous bone regarding the effect of the alveolar cleft repair.</p>

Production of discrepant monoclonal antibody against HL60 and HL60/ADR by SI technique / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To prepare and characterize specific and discrepant mouse hybridoma antibodies on membrane of HL60 and HL60/ADR cell lines.Methods:BALB/c mice were immunized by subtractive immunization induced Cp(Cyclophosphamide).McAbs were prepared by hybridoma technique,screened and detected by FACS and LSCM.Results:51 candidates and discrepant antibodies were found,and one of them (5F6) was purified and identified.Conclusion:Combination of SI with discrepant screening method should facilitate the preparing and identifying discrepant McAbs for identifying antibodies that can distinguish the differences in proteins expressed in HL60 and HL60/ADR,which is a significative and potential method in the research and target therapy associated drug-resistance.

Expression of HMGB-1 and its extracellular release of cultured primary hepatic parenchymal cells and Kupffer cells induced by LPS / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate HMGB-1 expression and its extracellular release of cultured primary hepatic parenchymal cells (HC) and Kupffer cells (KC) that were induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Primary hepatic parenchymal cells and Kupffer cells were cultured in flasks, and some cells were treated with 500 microg/L LPS for 24 hours (induced group) and some were not treated with LPS and served as controls. All of the cells were repeatedly frozen-thawed, and the expression levels of HMGB1-mRNA and HMGB1 proteins were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. Then HC and KC were subcultured in 24-well culture plates for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h, and the HMGB1 protein in culture fluids was detected by Western blot at each time point.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the cells in the control group, the expression levels of HMGB1-mRNA in the induced group were significantly increased in both HC and KC at 24 h (t=31.32 and 45.90, P<0.05) and the protein levels of HMGB1 showed the same results (t=46.19 and 38.44, P<0.05). There was a small quantity of HMGB1 protein in the culture fluids of two control groups and the induced group of HC. However the HMGB1 protein in the induced group of KC were obviously increased with prolonged culture time (F=42.74, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the level of HMGB1 protein in the induced group of KC was not increased at 6 h (t=9.57, P>0.05) but was significantly increased at 12 h, 24 h and 48 h (t=21.95, 32.39, 44.16, respectively P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LPS could increase HMGB1 expression of HC and KC and HMGB1 release from KC, but not from HC. The results suggest that KC play an important role in triggering inflammation and liver injury.</p>

A group of monoclonal antibodies reactive with the human thymocyte differentiation antigens-Production and specificity analysis / 中国免疫学杂志

In a fusion of BABL/C murine spleen cells immunizated with human fetal thymocytes and P_3X_(3)Ag_(,3), myeloma cells, six monoclonal antibodies(McAb) were produced. They were termed HIT_1. HIT_2. HIT_3. HIT_4.HIT_(6-1) and HIT_(6-2), respectively. The specificity of these McAbs were analysed by indirect immunofluorescence technique and FACS.Results showed that they reacted with 80～90%thymocytes,but hardly with peripheral blood mononuclear cells and spleen cells in adults,and nonreactive with red blood cells, granulocytes and platelets, According to their reaction with the tonsil cells, we can divide these six McAbs into three groups: Groupl including HIT_1, HIT_2, and HIT_(?) McAbs reacted approximately with 1/3 tonsil cells; basically GroupⅡ including HIT_(6-1) and HIT_(6-2) McAbs gave negative reaction with tonsil cells; GroupⅢ McAb HIT_4 reacted with 15% tonsil cells, which suggested these were a heterogeneous group McAbs with different specificities. In comparision with OKT series of McAbs in thymus, peripheral blood and tonsil, HIT_(1-3) are similar to OKT_(10) and,HTT6-l and HIT_(6-2) are just like OKT_6,but HIT_4 seems to be a new McAb different frOm HIT_(1-3) and HIT_(6-1) HII_(6-2). The competitive binding assay showed that HIT_(6-1) and HIT_(6-2) labeled with FITC can be inhibited by unlabeled HIT_(6-1) and HIT_(6-2) each other and can also be blocked by OKT_6, suggesting further these antibodies recognized a same epitope on thymocytes. Cross reaction were also demonstrated on HIT_1, and HIT_2 but not on HIT_3, suggesting HIT_1 and HIT_2 recognized the same determinant and HIT_3 recognized another. So six antibodies are McAbs against T cell differentiation antigens.They are useful for research the differentiation of T cells and the classification of malignant lymphadenosis diseases.