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Objective To in silico clone the NAD1 gene of three common parasites and analyze their bioinformatics,so as to lay the foundation for further research on the NAD gene. Methods By using the in silico cloning method,the full length cDNA (s)of NAD 1 genes of Clonorchis sinensis,Ascaris lumbricoides and Schistosoma japonicum were got,then their physical and chemical properties,compositions of amino acids,subcellular localizations,binary and ternary structures were contrastively an-alyzed.Results The three kinds of NAD1 proteins were similar in the relative molecular weight,subcellular localization,and physical and chemical properties.The NAD1 proteins were highly similar in binary and ternary structures of A.lumbricoides and S.japonicum.The phylogenetic analysis showed that C.sinensis,A.lumbricoides and S.japonicum belonged to the different evolu-tionary branches with a certain of genetic distance. Conclusion The three NAD1 genes got from C.sinensis,A.lumbricoides and S.japonicum by in silico cloning belong to the same gene of different species,which can be widely used in the researches of heritable variation of parasites.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the acting mechanism of anti-morphine conditioned place preference (CPP) between aqueous extract of Corydalis yanhusuo and L-THP and compare their effects.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The CPP model was established by injecting morphine in rats with a increasing dose for 10 days, with the initial dose of 10 g x kg(-1) and the final dose of 100 g x kg(-1), 10 mg x kg(-1) was increased each day, thus 100 mg x kg(-1) was injected by d 10. Having been treated with differential doses (2, 1 and 0.5 g x kg(-1)) of C. yanhusuo (containing L-THP: 0.153, 0.077 and 0.038 mg x kg(-1) respectively) and L-THP (3.76, 1.88 and 0.94 mg x kg(-1)) for six days, the CPP effect in rats was detected. Both colorimetry and immunohistochemistry methods were adopted to detect the content of glutamate neurotransmitter in each brain region and the expression of NR2B in VTA-NAc-PFC neuroanatomical circuit.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the physiological saline treatment group, C. yanhusuo (2, 1 g x kg(-1)) and L-THP (3.76 and 1.88 mg x kg(-1)) groups showed a notably shorter retention period of rats in white boxes (morphine-accompanied boxes) (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and remarkably lower glutamic acid content in VTA, NAc and PFC and NR2B expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both C. yanhusuo and L-THP can substantially inhibit the effect of morphine CPP, reduce the increasing glutamic acid content in VTA-NAc-PFC neuroanatomical circuit and down-regulated NR2B expression, which may be one of mechanisms on reducing the effect of morphine CPP. C. yanhusuo preparations containing L-THP (1 x ) showed 24-fold effect of L-THP monomer of single application in terms of the behaviouristics of inhibitory effect on CPP as well as the similarity in terms of transmitter glutamic acid of in VTA-NAc-PFC neuroanatomical circuit and pharmacological mechanism of NR2B.</p>