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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors recorded worldwide. This condition has high morbidity and mortality and seriously endangers people's health. Traditional diagnostic models fail to meet people's current needs for real-time monitoring of tumors. Compared with traditional detection methods, ctDNA detection is not only noninvasive but can also attain real-time detection of comprehensive genomic information of tumors. The advancement of detection technology has gradually highlighted the potential of ctDNA detection in the clinical treatment of CRC. This article reviews the advancements on the clinical application of ctDNA in early screening, minimal residual disease detection, and guidance on individualized treatment of CRC patients.
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Objective:To analyze the imaging etiology of patients having vision loss with pathological myopia.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinical data of 110 cases (138 eyes) who had vision loss with pathological myopia diagnosed in Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University from June 1st, 2016 to May 31st, 2017 was collected and analyzed.Fundus photography was used to observe lacquer cracks; spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fundus fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) were employed to evaluate the choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC). The macular retinoschisis (MRS), macular atrophy, macular hole and epiretinal membranes were assessed by SD-OCT.The proportion and age distribution of different fundus lesions of pathological myopia complicated with vision loss were analyzed.The study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University (No.XMYKZX-2016-KY-010). Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before study.Results:Among the imaging causes of visual impairment caused by pathological myopia, there were 87 (63.0%) eyes of myopic CNV (MCNV) with the highest proportion, followed by 53 (38.4%) eyes of lacquer cracks, 48 (34.8%) eyes of MRS, 44 (31.9%) eyes of macular atrophy, 42 (30.4%) eyes of epiretinal membranes, 14 (10.1%) eyes of macular lamellar hole, 19 (13.8%) eyes of full-thickness macular hole (FTMH), and 3 (2.2%) eyes of PIC.The average age was (53.00±1.51) years of MCNV, (53.00±1.77) years of lacquer cracks, (58.00±1.64) years of MRS, (57.00±1.76) years of macular atrophy, (59.00±1.48) years of epiretinal membranes, (61.00±3.90) years of macular lamellar hole, (59.00±3.39) years of FTMH with retinal detachment (RD), and (67.00±0.50) years of FTMH without RD.The average age of PIC patients was (31.00±8.50) years, which was significantly smaller than that of the other groups (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:The main cause of visual impairment resulted from pathological myopia is the obvious abnormality of macular structure, and MCNV is the most common type.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of continuous pumping of teriparatide (TPTD) on bone metabolism in ovariectomized and normal mice and provide experimental evidence for the selection of animal models for studying the effects of TPTD and its related peptides on osteoclasts.@*METHODS@#Twenty-four female C57BL mice (6-weeks old) were subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) or sham operation followed 7 days later by continuous pumping of TPTD or the solvent vehicle (VEH) a micropump (SHAM-VEH, SHAM-TPTD, OVX-VEH, and OVX-TPTD groups; =6). Two weeks later, the tibial and femoral bones were harvested for micro-CT scanning to measure the parameters of the tibia and the femoral cortical bone. Histopathological examinations of the tibial tissue were conducted using HE staining and TRAP staining and the number of osteoclasts and the growth plate thickness were determined. The serum Ca2 + levels of the mice were measured. The primary osteoblasts from the cranial bone were treated with estradiol (E2) and TPTD for 48 h, and the expressions of β-catenin and RANKL protein in the cells were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The trabecular bone mass of OVX mice was significantly lower than that of sham-operated mice ( < 0.05). Continuous TPTD pumping significantly reduced tibial cancellous bone mass and femoral cortical bone area in the sham-operated mice, while in the castrated mice, TPTD pumping increased the cancellous bone mass without changing the cortical bone area. TRAP staining showed that cancellous osteoblasts in the tibia increased significantly in the castrated mice as compared with the sham-operated mice, and TPTD pumping significantly increased the number of cancellous osteoblasts in the sham-operated mice ( < 0.05). In the primary cultured osteoblasts, treatment with both E2 and TPTD obviously lowered the expression of β-catenin and increased the expression of RANKL as compared with TPTD treatment alone.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Continuous pumping of TPTD promotes bone resorption in normal mice but does not produce obvious bone resorption effect in the ovariectomized mice, suggesting that castrated mice are not suitable models for studying the effect of TPTD and the related peptides on the osteoclasts.