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Objective To analyze the residents' iodine nutrition level of Yunfu City in Guangdong Province from 2009 to 2016,in order to provide evidence for making prevention strategy of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods Four surveys on salt iodine levels,four surveys on urinary iodine levels of children aged 8-10 years old,two surveys on urinary iodine levels of pregnant women and one survey on iodine content in drinking water were carried out according to the prevention and control planning for endemic disease in Guangdong Province in Yunfu City from 2009 to 2016.Salt iodine was determined by direct titration (GB/T 13025.7-1999,GB/T 13025.7-2012),urinary iodine was determined by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry (WS/T 107-2006,WS/T 107.1-2016),water iodine was determined by the national iodine deficiency disease reference laboratory recommended method.Results In 2009,2011,2015 and 2016,1 464,1 464,1 500,1 500 salt samples and 500,388,1 000,1 000 children were investigated,the medians of salt iodine levels were 30.3,28.1,24.8,and 24.8 mg/kg,respectively,and the medians of children urinary iodine levels were 208.3,188.3,143.1 and 165.2 μg/L,respectively.Five hundred,five hundred pregnant women were investigated in 2015 and 2016,and the medians of pregnant women urinary iodine levels were 101.0 and 96.4 μg/L,respectively.A total of 1 149 samples of drinking water were investigated in 2011-2016,the median of water iodine was 2.8 μg/L.Conclusion Yunfu is an iodine deficiency city,after adjusting the iodine content of edible salt in 2012,iodine nutrition in children is at an appropriate level,but the iodine intake level of pregnant women is relatively lower,so prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders and urinary iodine monitoring should be strengthened in pregnant women.
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Objective To explore the relationship between primary hypothyroidism and hyperuricemia and to speculate their possible mechanism .Methods The levels of FT3 ,FT4 ,TSH, Anti-TG ,Anti-TPO, TRAb, UA, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C,Hcy, Cys,β2 MG and 24hUA were measured in 36 patients with hypothyroidism , compared with 20 healthy sub-jects.According to the absence or presenceof Anti-TG, Anti-TPO and TRAb, the patients were divided into two sub-groups:the Hashimo to(HT) hypothyroidism group (27 cases) and the non-HT hypothyroidism group (9 cases)before they were compared with each other .Results Compared with healthy subjects , patients with hypothyroidism had higher TSH , TC,TG, LDL-C, UA, Hcy,Cys,andβ2MG,and lower FT3,FT4,HDL-C,and 24hUA.The difference was significant (P<0.05);the thyroid function, autoimmune antibodies, TC, LDL-C, UA and 24hUA were also significantly differen between the two sub-groups.Conclusion Patients with hypothyroidism are more prone to hyperuricemia , which may be related to decreased thyroid hormone , lipid metabolism disorder and hyperhomocysteine .The level of UA is higher in HT hypothyroidism than in non-HT hypothyroidism , indicating that autoimmune factors may be involved in the occurrence of hyperuricemia .
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Objective To investigate the effects of normal caloric high-protein diet on metabolic parameters and gastrointestinal hormones in patients with obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods Totally 30 obese subjects (OB group) and 40 obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM group) received normal caloric high-protein diet for 24 weeks.Then body weight,fat mass,and metabolic parameters were assessed.The serum ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels were also measured at 0 and 2 h after an oral 100 g of steamed bread meal test.Results After 24 weeks,body weight [(78.23 ± 7.51) kg vs (80.83±8.13) kg,P=0.016; (80.45±7.48) kg vs (83.26±9.35) kg,P=0.011],body mass index [(31.03 ±2.72) kg/m2 vs (32.01 ±2.95) kg/m2,P=0.033; (32.63 ±2.81) kg/m2 vs (33.86±3.03) kg/m2,P =0.043],waist circumference [(93.65 ± 6.23) cm vs (97.30 ± 7.81) cm,P =0.041 ;(97.02±7.43) cm vs (101.87 ±9.87) cm,P =0.034],fat mass [(30.42 ±6.18) kg vs (32.47 ±5.91) kg,P=0.022; (34.23 ±7.03) kg vs (36.64 ±6.83) kg,P =0.032],fasting serum insulin [(10.81±3.69) mmol/Lvs (13.58±4.86) mmol/L,P=0.012; (9.58±3.51) mmol/Lvs (10.82±4.28) mmol/L,P =0.015],HOMA-insulin resistance index [(2.42 ± 0.83) vs (3.16 ± 1.21),P =0.019; (3.15±0.74) vs (4.13±0.67),P=0.024] and triglycerides [(1.24±0.32) mmol/Lvs (1.49±0.52) mmol/L,P=0.046; (1.86±1.05) mmol/L vs (2.46±1.85) mmol/L,P=0.034] were significantly decreased in OB and T2DM groups,respectively,compared with 0 week.Fasting blood glucose (FBG)and glycosylated hemoglobin were also significantly declined in T2DM group [FBG:(6.73 ± 1.25) mmol/Lv s (8.63 ±2.81)) mmol/L,P=0.010; HbA1c (6.44 ±0.47) vs (7.38 ±0.33),P=0.031].The serum ghrelin and GLP-1 both increased at 0h and 2 h after meal test in OB and T2DM groups [fasting serum ghrelin:(4.98 ±0.89) μg/L vs (3.95 ±0.98) μg/L,P=0.021; (4.23 ± 1.67) μg/L vs (3.15 ± 1.01) μgL,P=0.025; 2 h postprandial serum ghrelin:(2.98 ±0.96) μg/L vs (2.56 ±0.83) μg/L,P =0.046; (2.83 ± 1.03) μg/L vs (1.95 ±0.92) μg/L,P =0.033; fasting serum GLP-1:(6.06 ±0.63) μg/L vs (5.13±0.59) μg/L,P=0.041; (5.23±0.71) μg/Lv s (4.49±0.53) μg/L,P=0.039; 2 h postprandialserum GLP-1:(10.01±1.01) μg/L vs (7.68±0.94) μg/L,P=0.007; (8.87±0.94) μg/Lvs (6.59 ± 0.87) μg/L,P =0.013].Conclusions Normal caloric high-protein diet can reduce body weight and serum glucose.Those effects may be due to the increase in secretion of GLP-1.
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Seventy newly diagnosed diabetic patients were enrolled in the study, including 37patients aged over 60 (elderly-onset diabetes, EOD group) and 33 patients under 60 (adult-onset diabetes,AOD group) ; 30 elderly healthy subjects served as controls. Serum melatonin levels were determined with ELISA and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA in peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that serum melatonin levels were significantly lower in EOD group than those in control group [ (6. 6 ± 1.3 )ng/L vs. (7.7 ± 1.4) ng/L, P ＜0. 01 ], the expression of iNOS mRNA was significantly higher than that in AOD group [ (36 ± 3 )% vs. (30 ± 4)%, P ＜ 0. 01 ]; and i NOS mRNA was not detected in control group.Logistic regression analysis indicated that decreased serum melatonin levels and up-regulated iNOS mRNA might be independent risk factors for diabetes mellitus in the elderly.
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Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of vascular endothelium secreted factors after oral fatty meal test and the correlation of the factors with blood lipid in elderly diabetic patients. Methods Thirty-six elderly diabetic patients (diabetic group) and twenty heahhy elderly subjects(control group) were selected into the study and received oral fatty meal test for 6 hours. Diabetic group was divided into three subgroups, including fasting hypertriglyceridemia subgroup, postprandial hypertriglyceridemia subgroup and postprandial normotriglyceridemia subgroup. Serum nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAl-1) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) were measured before and after oral fatty meal test. Results (1) The level of serum NO was significantly increased and ET-1 was significantly reduced in control group 2 hours after oral fatty meal test and were returned to basal state 6 hours after the test. But in diabetic group, postprandial serum NO level were decreased and ET-1 were increased gradually and reached to the peak 6 hours after oral fatty meal test. The ratio of NO/ET-1 was lower in diabetic group than that in control group (P< 0.01). There were important differences among fasting hypertriglyceridemia subgroup, postprandial hypertriglyceridemia subgroup and postprandial normotriglyeeridemia subgroup(P<0.05 or<0.01). (2) The level of PAl-1 was increased and t-PA was decreased slightly 4 hours after oral fatty meal test in control and diabetic groups. Compared with control group, PAI-1/ t-PA obviously increased in diabetic group. Meanwhile, PAI-1/t-PA in fasting hypertriglyeeridemia and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia subgroups were significantly higher than that in postprandial normotriglyceridemia subgroup(P<0. 05 or<0.01). (3) In the diabetic group, TG was negatively correlated with NO and t-PA(r=-0.360 P<0.05; r=-0.649, P<0.01) and positively correlated with ET-1 and PAI-1(r=0.421,P<0.01;r=0.520,P<0.01). Conclusions The elderly diabetic patients suffer from the imbalance of vascular endothelium secreted factors. The postprandial abnormal TG metabolism may aggravate the change and further damage the vascular endothelial function.
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Objective To investigate the impact of renal function and insulin resistance on serum total homocysteine(tHcy) levels in aged diabetic patients with nephropathy. Methods Serum tHcy, blood glucose, lipids, renal function, serum insulin were measured for 98 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and 36 normal control subjects. Results (1) Serum tHcy levels were significantly higher in diabetic group than in control group [(17.2?7.6) ?mol/L vs (9.4?3.5)?mol/L,P