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Objective:To explore the application value of wide detector multi-slice spiral CT target scanning technique in the preoperative evaluation of pancreatic cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 22 patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent pancreatic arterial contrast enhanced CT scanning and were diagnosed by pathology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from September 2019 to October 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The CT phantom experiment was carried out on the international standard phantom CATPHON500. By changing the scanning radiation dose, scanning mode and scanning field of view, the spatial resolution and density resolution of the image were compared and analyzed. The target scan technical parameters obtained from the experiment were applied to the late arterial phase of MDCT enhanced scan in 22 patients with pancreatic cancer. Executive current, volume scanning mode and small scanning field were used for scanning. The attenuation value (CT value) and noise value (SD value) of pancreatic cancer tissue and normal pancreatic tissue were measured at different phases, the attenuation difference and contrast signal-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the two tissues were calculated, the contrast difference between the two tissues was evaluated, and the CT values of celiac trunk, renal artery and vein, superior mesenteric artery and vein, splenic vein and portal vein were measured, and the display of tumor tissue and peripancreatic important vessels was evaluated.Results:In the phantom experiment, under the condition of the same radiation dose, the image quality of the volume scan mode was better than that of the spiral scan mode (1%@4 mm versus 1%@9 mm at 5 mGy and 1%@2 mm versus 1%@6 mm at 25 mGy). In comparison between pancreatic tumor and pancreatic tissue, the enhancement process of pancreatic tumor tissue was increased at first and then decreased, while that of pancreatic tumor tissue was slightly enhanced. The attenuation difference between pancreatic tissue and tumor tissue and CNR also increased at first and then decreased, reaching the maximum at the late arterial stage [(91.96±29.29)HU, 8.60±5.71]. The differences between each phase were statistically significant ( F values were 47.20 and 19.80 respectively, all P values <0.05). The evaluation of vascular variation and invasion showed that a better arterial phase image could be obtained on the late arterial target scan images, while taking into account the display of splenic vein, mesenteric vein and portal vein. Conclusions:The wide detector MDCT target scanning technique can improve the spatial resolution and density resolution of the image, greatly improve the contrast between tumor tissue and peripancreatic tissue and blood vessels, and provide more accurate tumor staging and resectability evaluation information for preoperative evaluation of pancreatic cancer.
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Objective:To explore the application value of single source dual energy CT (DECT) scanning technique in improving the image quality of the pancreas.Methods:Imaging data of 21 patients with normal pancreas and 36 patients with pancreas related diseases in the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from July 2021 to August 2021 were collected. All the patients first underwent multi-slice CT (MDCT) scan with no-contrast, and then dynamic enhanced MDCT scan. And the DECT scan was used in the delay period. Virtual single energy images (VMI, 40~100keV) of normal pancreas and mixed energy images of pancreatic lesions (PI, 80 and 140kVp) were obtained. The regions of interest (ROI) of fat on abdominal wall, normal pancreas and abdominal aorta were delineated, the CT values and standard deviation (SD) of each ROI were measured and recorded, and the pancreatic signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (SNR) of each energy image were calculated. The objective index and subjective score of VMI(40-100keV) and PI (80kVp and 140kVp) with iodine (water) base map and VMI best CNR were compared between groups. The correlation between VMI(40-100keV) and PI(80, 140kVp) with iodine (water) base map and VMIbest CNR was analyzed by univariate regression.Results:In VMI(40-100keV) of normal pancreas, the highest SNR value was VMI best CNR and iodine (water) base map, and the highest CNR values were VMI 60keV and iodine (water) base map. There were significant differences on SNR and CNR values between different energy VMI and iodine (water) base map ( P<0.05). Among the four images of PI 80kVp, PI 140kVp, VMI best CNR and iodine (water) base map for pancreatic lesions, the SNR and CNR values of iodine (water) base map were the highest. The SNR and CNR values of VMI best CNR were higher than those of PI 80kVp, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The lesion significance and edge sharpness score of iodine (water) base map was the highest, which was better than other groups; the lesion significance and edge sharpness score of VMI best CNR was better than PI 140kVp, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The results of univariate regression analysis showed that the SNR values of PI 80kVp, PI 140kVp and VMI best CNR for pancreatic lesions were positively correlated with those of the iodine (water) base map ( P<0.05), the CNR values of PI 140kVp and VMI best CNR images were positively correlated with the iodine (water) base map ( P<0.05), and the SNR and CNR values of PI 140kVp were positively correlated with VMI best CNR ( P<0.05). Conclusions:VMI with different energy and iodine (water) base maps can be obtained by single source DECT enhanced scanning of pancreas related diseases. The VMI best CNR was the best among all VMIs, while the SNR and CNR values of iodine (water) base maps were the highest in all images. The VMI best CNR and iodine (water) base maps can improve the image quality of pancreas related diseases.
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Objectives To determine the contents of heavy metals lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, and chromium in water and sediment samples from Luoyang River in Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, and to understand the temporal and spatial distribution of heavy metal pollutants. Methods In 2018, 231 water and sediment samples were collected from 43 sampling points in 6 representative areas in Luoyang River during normal, rainy and dry seasons. The presence of heavy metals in the samples was then determined. Results Pb, Cd, Hg, As and Cr6+ were not detected in the water samples. Pb, Cd, Hg, As and Cr were detected in the sediments were 10.33,0.33,0.029,5.18 and 23.3 mg/kg , but the contents were low. Conclusion The water and sediments of Luoyang River in 2018 had good quality, both of which met Class I standards according to the environmental quality standards for surface water and for marine sediment quality, respectively.
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Objective:To collect the date of radiation dose in reference air kerma(AK) and dose-area product (DAP) values in order to evaluate the feasibility of fluoroscopy time as a monitoring and warning indicator of radiation exposure in cardiovascular interventions.Methods:The study conducted a retrospective analysis of 736 patients who underwent coronary angiography(CAG)and percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)from November 2016 to January 2018 in Shanghai Changhai Hospital. Based on the imaging equipments(a Siemens Ceiling system and a Siemens Biplane system)and cardiovascular interventions(CAG and PCI), the fluoroscopy time, AK values and DAP values were collected. The correlation of the radiation dose and fluoroscopy time was analyzed using Spearman correlation statistics.Results:The mean values of fluoroscopy time, fluoroscopy AK, total AK, fluoroscopy DAP and total DAP were(8.9±7.8)min, (472±474), (703±595)mGy, (4 578±4 085)and(6 253±4 938)μGy·m 2 for Ceiling system and(8.6±7.3)min, (510±509), (733±614)mGy, (4 255±3 781)and (5 681±4 432)μGy·m 2 for Biplane system, respectively. The mean values of CAG and PCI fluoroscopy time were(2.4±0.9)and(15.7±4.9)min, respectively.The ratio of fluoroscopy radiation dose (AK and DAP) to total dose was 74% and 78% in PCI procedures. There was a strongly correlation between fluoroscopy time and total AK ( r=0.822) or total DAP ( r=0.844) in cardiovascular interventions ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The radiation dose of fluoroscopy acquisition is the main source of overall radiation dose in cardiovascular interventions. Radiation dose is expected to increase as fluoroscopy time increases.The fluoroscopy timer as a protective tool of radiation exposure has a good reference and warning value in the clinical application of cardiovascular interventions.
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Objective@#To investigate the characteristics of histogram analysis and differences of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for normal pancreas with different diffusion gradients of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) at 3.0T.@*Methods@#Three unidirectional diffusion gradients (X, Y or Z direction) and three orthogonal diffusion gradient DWI data of 21 volunteers with normal pancreas were retrospectively analyzed. The histogram parameters of mean ADC, percentile, skewness, peak and the like were measured based on home-made DWI post-processing software, and the differences on histogram parameters obtained from 4 different diffusion gradients were compared by using Kruskal Wallis test.@*Results@#There was no significant difference on the mean ADC, skewness, percentile and the like for normal pancreas among 3 unidirectional diffusion gradients and tri-orthogonal diffusion gradient DWIs, but there was significant difference on the mean kurtosis value (X: 3.16±1.44, Y: 4.72±2.26, Z: 4.47±2.1, tri-orthogonal: 3.69±1.82; χ2 =-9.84, P=0.02). Further analyses results showed that the ADC kurtosis of normal pancreas obtained from X-directional diffusion gradient DWI was significantly smaller than that of the direction of Y or Z, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The ADC kurtosis of normal pancreas is related to the direction of diffusion gradient in DWI, and the ADC kurtosis of normal pancreas obtained by X-direction diffusion gradient is the smallest.
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Objective To investigate the characteristics of histogram analysis and differences of apparent diffusion coefficient ( ADC) for normal pancreas with different diffusion gradients of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) at 3. 0T. Methods Three unidirectional diffusion gradients (X, Y or Z direction) and three orthogonal diffusion gradient DWI data of 21 volunteers with normal pancreas were retrospectively analyzed. The histogram parameters of mean ADC, percentile, skewness, peak and the like were measured based on home-made DWI post-processing software, and the differences on histogram parameters obtained from 4 different diffusion gradients were compared by using Kruskal Wallis test. Results There was no significant difference on the mean ADC, skewness, percentile and the like for normal pancreas among 3 unidirectional diffusion gradients and tri-orthogonal diffusion gradient DWIs, but there was significant difference on the mean kurtosis value ( X:3. 16 ± 1. 44, Y:4. 72 ± 2. 26, Z:4. 47 ± 2. 1, tri-orthogonal:3. 69 ± 1. 82; χ2 = -9. 84, P=0. 02). Further analyses results showed that the ADC kurtosis of normal pancreas obtained from X-directional diffusion gradient DWI was significantly smaller than that of the direction of Y or Z, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions The ADC kurtosis of normal pancreas is related to the direction of diffusion gradient in DWI, and the ADC kurtosis of normal pancreas obtained by X-direction diffusion gradient is the smallest.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of high-risk HPV subtypes in different pathological types of cervical cancer, and analyze the attribution of carcinogenic HPV subtypes in different pathological types. Methods A total of 1 541 patients with cervical cancer were treated between February 2009 and October 2016 in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. The median age at diagnosis was 49 years (ranged 20-82 years old). The numbers of patients with cervical cancer from North China, Northeast China, East China, Central China and other regions (including Northwest, Southwest and South China) were 961, 244, 175, 87 and 74 cases, respectively. Pathological types: 1 337 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 87 usual adenocarcinoma (ADC), 23 adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC), 20 mucinous carcinoma (MC), 19 clear cell carcinoma (CCC), 12 endometrioid carcinoma (EC), 25 neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC), 9 serous carcinoma (SC), 5 villous adenocarcinoma (VADC) and 4 minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDAC). The prevalence of high-risk HPV in different regions, age groups at diagnosis and pathological types in cervical cancer were analyzed. The attribution of 13 high-risk HPV subtypes in different pathological types of cervical cancer based on proportional attribution method, and the attribution of high-risk HPV subtypes prevented by 9-valent HPV vaccine in SCC and ADC were calculated. Results (1) The prevalence of high-risk HPV in 1 541 patients with cervical cancer was 86.6% (1 335/1 541). The multiple high-risk HPV infection rate in patients with SCC ≥60 years old (23.0%, 37/161) was significantly higher than those in patients aged 45-59 years old and≤44 years old [11.4% (85/747) vs 11.7% (50/429), P<0.01], and the high-risk HPV infection rates of patients with cervical cancer in North China, Northeast China, East China, Central China and other regions were respectively 86.8% (834/961), 87.7% (214/244), 83.4% (146/175), 83.9% (73/87) and 91.9% (68/74). SCC (86.8%, 1 337/1 541) and ADC (5.6%, 87/1 541) were the most common pathological types in cervical cancer. The high-risk HPV prevalence of SCC, ADC, ASC, MC, NEC and VADC were 90.1% (1 205/1 337), 74.7% (65/87), 87.0% (20/23), 65.0% (13/20), 72.0% (18/25) and 5/5 respectively. The high-risk HPV infection rates of SC, EC, CCC and MDAC were 4/9, 3/12, 2/19 and 0/4 respectively. (2) According to proportional attribution, HPV 16 (69.5%), HPV 18 (5.6%), HPV 58 (2.2%), HPV 31 (1.9%), HPV 52 (1.4%) and HPV 33 (1.3%) were the six common high-risk HPV subtypes in SCC. While, HPV 18 (44.1%), HPV 16 (20.5%), HPV 52 (2.3%), HPV 58 (1.2%) and HPV 51 (1.2%) were the main carcinogenic subtypes in ADC. The main carcinogenic high-risk HPV subtypes of ASC, NEC and MC were HPV 18 and HPV 16. The total attribution of HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58 prevented by 9-valent HPV vaccine in SCC and ADC were 82.6% and 68.1% respectively; the attribution of HPV 45 in SCC and ADC were only 0.8% and 0. Conclusions SCC and ADC are the main pathological types in cervical cancer. SCC, ADC, ASC, MC, NEC and VADC are closely related to high-risk HPV infection. HPV 16 is the main carcinogenic genotypes of SCC. HPV 18 maybe play an important role in the pathogenesis of ADC.
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experimental test for mechanical properties of a vascular stent is a main method to evaluate its effectiveness and safety, which is of great significance to the clinical applications. In this study, a comparative study of planar, V-groove and radial compression methods for the radial support property test were performed, and the effects of compression rate and circumferential position on the test results were conducted. Based on the three-point bending method, the influences of compression rate and circumferential position on flexibility were also explored. And then a best test proposal was selected to evaluate the radial support property and flexibility of the three self-designed stents and the comparative biodegradable vascular stent (BVS) (BVS1.1, Abbott Vascular, USA) with different outside diameters of 1.4 mm, 1.7 mm and 2.4 mm. The results show that the developing trends of the compression load with the compression displacement measured by the three radial support property test methods are the same, but normalized radial force values are quite different. The planar compression method is more suitable for comparing the radial support properties of stents with different diameters and structures. Compression rate has no obvious effect on the testing results of both the radial support property and flexibility. Compression circumferential position has a great impact on testing radial support property with the planar or V-groove compression methods and testing flexibility with three-point bending method. The radial support properties of all the three self-designed stents are improved at a certain degree compared to that of the BVS stent. The study has better guide significance and reference value for testing mechanical properties of vascular stents.
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Implantes Absorbibles , Fenómenos Mecánicos , Polímeros , Diseño de Prótesis , Stents , Estrés MecánicoRESUMEN
Objective To investigate the clinical significance of HCV antibody S /CO values in active HCV infection diagnosis in cancer patients .Methods 390 cancer patients were enrolled from Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between January 2013 and April 2015.All of the cancer patients had pathological diagnosis , including 240 males and 150 females, aged from 25 to 83 years old. HCV antibody and HCV RNA levels were detected using the Abbott i 2000 immunity analyzer and Roche LC480 real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR machine , respectively.The relationship between HCV antibody S/CO value and RNA level was analyzed in the group of HCC and non-HCC patients.Results There were obvious statistical differences in age (P＝0.004), gender (P＜0.001) and HCV antibody levels (P＜0.001) between the group of HCC and non-HCC patients.There was no statistical difference in distribution of RNA positive rate between the two groups (P＝0.528).Using ROC curve analysis, the best cut-off value to diagnose active HCV infection in cancer patients is 10.0 with sensitivity 97.6%and specificity 81.3%. According to the results of the ROC curve , the cut-off was 11.4 and 10.4 in HCC and non-HCC patients respectively.Conclusion The best cut-off value to diagnose active HCV infection in cancer patients is 10.0, either in HCC or in non-HCC.
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Objective To investigate the feasibility of b value threshold maps based on MRI diffusion weighted imaging ( DWI ) in the diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma .Methods The preoperative MRI DWI [ b value=0( b0 ) and 1000 ( b1000 ) s/mm2 ] data of 14 patients who were postoperatively histologically confirmed as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from September 2016 to May 2015 admitted in Shanghai Changhai Hospital were retrospectively analyzed .The b value threshold maps were calculated .Computed DWI images at b value of 1500 s/mm2 ( cDWIb1500 ) was calculated based on the scanned DWI images of b 0 and b1000 s/mm2 . The efficacy of DWIb 1000 , b value threshold map and cDWIb 1500 in manifesting pancreatic adenocarcinoma was assessed by a four-point scale .The non-parametric Friedman test was used to compare the three methods , and Conover adjusted method was applied to compare any two of the three methods .Results The conspicuity score of DWIb 1000 , b value threshold map and cDWIb 1500 in showing pancreatic cancer was 2.9 ±0.8, 3.7 ±0.5 and 3.6 ±0.5, respectively, and the differences among the three methods were statistically significant (F=19.5, P value <0.001), but the differences on tumor conspicuity scores of b value threshold map and cDWIb 1500 were not statistically different .Conclusions The calculation of b value threshold map based on DWI images could show pancreatic cancer in high contrast quickly by adjusting window width and window level , and could achieve comparable performance as cDWIb 1500 .
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Objective It has been confirmed that Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV) is associated with the occurrence and development of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC ) . We investigated the clinical significance of plasma concentrations of EBV-DNA in patients with NPC. Methods Since October,2013 to December,2016,471 patients were analyzed. The significantly associated between EBV-DNA before treatment and staging, tumor burden was analyzed. The survival rate of EBV-DNA before and after treatment was calculated. Results The median copies of pretreatment plasma EBV-DNA in patients is 137 copies,( range 0-494000) ,which is correlated with T stage,N stage,M stage,clinical stage and tumor burden load and that is statistically significant. Overall survival ( OS,P=0. 007) ,progression-free survival ( PFS,P=0. 011) and distant metastasis-free survival ( DMFS,P=0. 003) were significantly lower among patients with pretreatment plasma EBV-DNA more than 1300 copies/ml. Patients with detectable plasma EBV-DNA had significantly worse OS (P=0. 016),PFS (P=0. 000) and DMFS (P=0. 000) than patients with undetectable EBV-DNA after treatment. Cox multivariate analyze suggests that T stage and EBV-DNA after treatment were independent prognostic factors for OS,however the plasma EBV-DNA after treatment ( P=0. 006,0. 001) and N stage ( P=0. 037,0. 017) were independent prognostic factors for PFS and DMFS. Conclusions The plasma EBV-DNA level was significantly correlated with staging and tumor load before treatment in patients with NPC,and the prognosis of patients with higher copies before treatment could be worse. The plasma EBV-DNA after treatment is predictive for OS,PFS and DMFS.
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Objective:To examine the inhibitory effect and mechanism of niclosamide combined with low-dose cisplatin on adrenocor-tical carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. Methods:A SW-13 cell transplanted tumor model was first established in nude mice. The nude mice were then divided into the control group, niclosamide group, cisplatin group, and combined drug group. The groups were compared in terms of tumor body volume, tumor weight, and biochemical index. The cell apoptosis rate of the transplanted tumor tis-sue was detected by TUNEL assay, while Bcl-2 and caspase-3 protein expression in the transplanted tumor tissue was detected by im-munohistochemistry and Western blot. Results:The terminal tumor volume and weight of the combined drug group were lower than those of the niclosamide and cisplatin groups (all P0.05). TUNEL test results showed that the cell apoptotic rate of the combined drug group was higher than that of the niclosamide group (P=0.004) and cisplatin group (P=0.005). Immunohistochemistry and West-ern blot test results showed that Bcl-2 expression in the combined drug group was lower than those of the niclosamide and cisplatin groups (all P<0.001), while caspase-3 expression in the combined drug group was the highest among those of other groups (all P<0.001). Conclusion:Niclosamide can enhance the inhibitory effect of low-dose cisplatin on the growth of adrenocortical carcinoma and has no additional side effects. This enhancement is probably related to the influence of niclosamide on Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expres-sion levels. Niclosamide promotes the apoptosis of the tumor cells by influencing Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression.
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Objective To compare the perioperative safety and curative effects oflaparoscopic adrenal sparing surgery (ASS) with laparoscopic total adrenalectomy (TA) for aldosterone producing adenoma (APA).Methods An online systematical retrieval was performed with Pubmed,ScienceDirect,Springerlink,the Cochrane library,CNKI and China Biology Medicine disc for clinical comparative studies published before May 2016,these studies reported the treatment of ASS/partial adrenalectomy (PA) versus TA for APA.The selected studies were applied to Revman 5.3 software for meta-analysis.The main contents were perioperative outcomes (operative time,intra-operative blood loss,and length of hospital stay) and postoperative efficacy (cure rate,partial response rate,inefficiency rate).Results A total of 9 clinical studies (3 English documents and 6 Chinese documents) with 1036 patients were included into the final analysis,among which 544 patients were assigned to ASS group and 492 in TA group.The analyzed results demonstrated no statistical significance between ASS group and TA group on operative time (WMD:-2.09min,95％CI:-9.86-5.67,P=0.60),length of hospital stay (WMD:-0.10d,95％CI:-0.32-0.12,P=0.36),intra-operative blood loss (WMD:1.13ml,95％CI:-8.86-11.12,P=0.82),cure rate (OR=l.07,95％CI:0.73-1.58,P=0.72),partial response rate (OR=0.85,95％CI:0.57-1.27,P=0.43) and inefficiency rate (OR=2.15,95％CI:0.32-14.34,P=0.43).Conclusion For surgical treatment of APA,ASS is technically safe,can achieve reliable postoperative efficacy and a similar therapeutic effect compared with TA,so deserves further application in clinical practice.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and dose area product (DAP) as well as fluoroscopy time during coronary angiography (CAG) in Han nationality subjects in order to improve early judging and reducing high radiation risk. Methods CAG materials of 451 Han nationality subjects were retrospectively analyzed. The patients included 276 males (age 32-87 years) and 175 females (age 42-84 years), and the BMI values ranged from 17.30 to 35.42 kg/m2. According to BMI values, the patients were divided into group A(BMI30 kg/m2,n=30). The mean DAP and fluoroscopy time of each group were calculated; the DAP values were compared between each other among the four groups by using nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test, while the fluoroscopy time was compared between each other among the four groups by using single factor analysis of variance or LSD-t test. Results The mean DAP of group A, B, C and D was(1 070.07±541.33) μGym2,(1 326.82±606.91) μGym2,(1 937.99±1 030.31) μGym2 and (2 654.53±1 296.69) μGym2 respectively. The mean fluoroscopy time of group A, B, C and D was (3.53± 2.08) min, (2.70 ±1.80) min, (2.75 ±1.88) min and (2.71 ±1.69) min respectively. Statistically significant difference in DAP values existed between each other among the four groups (P0.05). Conclusion The DAP values of adult Han subjects receiving CAG are increased with the increase of BMI values; the fluoroscopy time is significantly prolonged in patients with BMI<20 kg/m2. In performing interventional procedure, the operator should not only understand that the increase of BMI can cause the increase of DAP, but also need to pay special attention to the increase of DAP value caused by operation difficulty when the patient’s BMI is <20 kg/m2.
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Objective To investigate the clinical significance of the serum sialic acid (SA) detection for the diagnosis and therapy monitoring in liver cancer patients.Methods Patients and healthy people of Chinese academy of medical science cancer hospital from January 2011 to October 2012,were enrolled,including 221 liver cancer patients (183 primary hepatic carcinoma patients and 38 metastatic hepatic carcinoma patients),117 benign liver disease patients and 150 healthy people.The concentration of serum SA were tested by ROCHE P800.The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient of variation (CV) of SA kit were evaluated by use of low and high concentration samples,measured for 5 days and 4 times each day.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to determine the cut-off of SA using data of 183 cases of primary liver cancer and 150 healthy controls.The area under the curve (ROC-AUC) were used to evaluate the diagnostic value of SA.The changes of serum SA level in 103 cases of primary hepatic carcinoma patients were monitored before therapy and at the 1 st day,7 th day,14 th day,1 st month,3rd month,6 th month and 9 th month after treatment.SPSS16.0 was used to analyse the results.Results The intra and inter-day CVs for low level sample were 2.4％ and 3.2％ respectively,and for high level sample were 2.2％ and 3.1％.The cut-off value of the serum SA was 659 mg/L for liver cancer,the sensitivity and specificity was 63.4％ (1 16/183) and 94.7％ (142/150) respectively.The serum SA level of liver cancer group [(726 ± 173) mg/L] was higher than that of liver benign disease patients group [(552 ± 128) mg/ L] and healthy controls group [(599 ± 62) mg/L,U values were 1832.52 and 887.00,P ＜ 0.01].The serum SA level were tracked in 103 cases of primary hepatic carcinoma patients during therapy period.The serum level of SA elevated to [(817 ± 193) mg/L,t =-3.272,P ＜ 0.05] at I st week after treatment and kept at high level until late in 1st month after treatment [(782 ±173) mg/L,t =-2.694,P＜0.05].In the 3rd month,the SA level decreased to that of pretreatment [(662 ± 138) mg/L,t =1.225,P ＞ 0.05].In the 6th months,the SA level declined to [(615 ± 144) mg/L,t =1.999,P ＜0.05],as well as the level of healthy control group.There were 85 cases of hepatic carcinoma patients with decreased SA level compared with that of pretreatment,and the coincidence rate was 82.5％ (85/103),the Kappa value was 0.79.There were 5 cases of patients with hepatic carcinoma relapse after treatment in 9 th months and the SA levels increased significantly to (939 ± 175) mg/L.Conclusion The serum SA has significant values possibly in the diagnosis and therapy monitoring in liver cancer patients.
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The article reviewed the research progress of ligustilide in recent years and elaborated its pharmacological functions and mechanisms in detail,especially in ischemic brain injury.Its mechanism includes reducing cerebral infarct volumes and improving neurobehavioral deficits,anti-oxidant and anti-apoptosis,antithrombotic activity,calcium channel blockers function,and effect on erythropoietin.Other pharmacological effects of ligustilide including inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation,anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects,effects on LPS-induced endotoxic shock,inhibiting constriction effect,suppression of the central nervous system,and ameliorating the memory impairment induced by scopolamine and so on,are also introduced.Ligustilide has potential pharmacological value,which provides a reference for its further research and development.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship among processing methods and chemical compounds.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>HPLC was used to compare the difference between pre and post processing. The main peaks in chromatogram were identified and divided into groups of chemical compounds. The contents of identified compounds and groups of chemical compounds were also analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The chromatographic peaks were divided into three groups of chemical compounds that were flavonoid glocosides, uinazoline alkaloids and bitter principle, indoloquinazoline alkaloids. The contents of flavonoid glocosides were reduced in each processed product, and that in hot-water processing product were the least. The contents of all three groups of chemical compounds were decreased in Coptidis Rhizoma processing products. The dissolving release of quinolones alkaloids were increased in wine, salt, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and ginger processing products.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Different processing methods caused different changes of chemical compounds.</p>
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Coptis , Química , Composición de Medicamentos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Química , Metabolismo , Evodia , Química , Metabolismo , Flavonoides , Zingiber officinale , Química , Quinazolinas , Solventes , QuímicaRESUMEN
Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of serum levels of ProGRP, TPS and NSE in diagnosis and therapy monitoring in small cell lung cancer patients. Methods The levels of serum ProGRP, TPS and NSE in 51 SCLC patients (SCLC group), 60 benign pulmonary disease patients (benign disease group ) and 60 healthy people (healthy group ) were determined using chemiluminescent immunoassay, ELISA and electrochemiluminescent immunoassay respectively. Blood samples were collected and detected prior to therapy, before the second course of chemotherapy and the third course of chemotherapy consecutively in all the 51 SCLC patients. Results The serum ProGRP, TPS and NSE concentrations prior to chemotherapy in limited stage SCLC (LSCLC) were 136. 9(22.8-631.7)ng/L, 78. 2(56.4-114.6) U/L and 28.1(20.9-46.1)μg/L, respectively; And in extensive stage SCLC patients (ESCLC) were 1 106.6(41.2-2161.1) ng/L, 230. 9( 143.5-259.0) U/L and 81.1 (34.3-140.0)μg/L, respectively. The serum concentrations of the 3 markers in benign disease group were 19. 7 ( 9. 5-29. 1 )ng/L, 48. 7 ( 17.9-95.4) U/L and 12. 1(1.2-13.9) μg/L; and in healthy group were 20.3(10.7-30.6) ng/L, 50.3(19.5-70.7) U/L and 11.7 (1.1-13.4)μg/L, respectively. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed significantly statistical difference in different groups of the 3 tumor markers, Chi-Square were 51. 368,36. 532 and 81. 645( P ＜0. 01 ). Significant statistically differences showed when the concentrations of the 3 marks of the 2 control group were compared with that of the LSCLC group ( U =491, 827, 609 and 476, 831, 585,respectively, P ＜ 0. 05 ). Differences were also statistically significant when the 2 control group compared with that of the ESCLC group ( U = 314,532,456 and 302,553,430, respectively, P ＜ 0. 01 ). The AUC of ProGRP was 0.832 +0.029(95% CI:0.774-0.890). When cutoff value of ProGRP set as 37.7 ng/L, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and Youden's index were 71% (36/51), 97% (116/120), 90% (36/40), 89% ( 116/131 ) and 67%, respectively; show good detection performance. The sensitivity increased to 92%, 86%, 92% and 88%, when combination detection of ProGRP + TPS + NSE, ProGRP + TPS, ProGRP + NSE and TPS + NSE were used, and the specificities were 77%, 77% , 92% and 77% accordingly. The Fridman test showed significantly statistical difference in the 3 tumor markers at different stages of treatment, x2 were 49. 120, 10. 614 and 44. 392, P ＜0. 01. After the first chemotherapy course, all the tumor marker levels except TPS decreased significantly in comparison with the pretreatment concentrations. However, only ProGRP levels showed a progressive drop during the two consecutive courses of therapy, and the median concentrations were 68.0 ( 18. 6-158.4 ) and 21.0( 14. 9-63.5) ng/L (compared to the level before therapy,Z=-4. 889 and -5. 594, P ＜0. 01 ). The median of serum TPS increased slightly to 105.2 (54. 1-181.2 ) U/L after the first chemotherapy course (Z=-1.248, P＞0.05), and decreased significantly to 79.0(48.7-155.3) U/L after the second chemotherapy course (Z=-2.484, P＜0. 05 ). As to the NSE, the median concentration decreased to 11.8(8.0-16.0)μg/L after the first chemotherapy course ( Z= - 5. 568, P ＜ 0. 01 ). However, the median was 10. 6(9.0-12.7)μg/L, which showed no significant decrease after the second chemotherapy course (Z=-1.851, P＞0.05).Forty-six SCLC patients evaluated as clinical remission ( 3 CR and 43 PR) after the second chemotherapy course, among them there were 38 patients (83%) with normal serum ProGRP, TPS and NSE level ( 19 patients) or with only 1 abnormal tumor level ( 19 patients). There were only 2 patients with all abnormal serum ProGRP, TPS and NSE level, and both patients were evaluated as clinical PD. Two patients with 2 abnormal tumors results were classified as SD, the only 1 patient without therapy evaluation also had 2 abnormal tumor marker results. Conclusions The serum ProGRP, TPS and NSE are valuable tumor markers for diagnosis and treat monitoring of SCLC, particularly the ProGRP + NSE shows the highest clinical value. Combing detection of the 3 tumor markers are valuable for therapy monitoring and prognosis in SCLC patients.
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Objective To study the benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P)-induced mRNA expression of aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) genes in rat liver. Methods Rats were injected intraperitoneally with 5, 10 and 15mg/kg of B[a]P. The total RNAs were extracted from rat livers by RNA purification kit, and the mRNA expression of AHR and CYP1A1 genes was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). β-actin was used as the internal control. The mRNA expression of both AHR and CYP1A1 genes was measured at indicated time points (24, 48 and 72h) after B[a]P treatment at three different concentrations (5, 10 and 15mg/kg). Results The mRNA expression of AHR gene increased in a time-dependent manner at the concentration of 10mg/kg but not at 5 and 15mg/kg of B[a]P. The mRNA expression of CYP1A1 gene differed significantly at 48h and 24h in rat livers treated with 10 and 15mg/kg dosage of B[a]P. The mRNA expression of AHR and CYP1A1 genes increased with B[a]P treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. The time-dependent increase in mRNA expression was shown by AHR but not by CYP1A1 gene with B[a]P (10mg/kg) treatment. Conclusion This study demonstrates that toxic B[a]P increases the mRNA expression of both AHR and CYP1A1 genes in vivo, suggesting that B[a]P may play a role in cancer genesis by this way.
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Objective To estimate the relative risk for lung cancer associated with genetic polymorphism of T6235C mutation in 3' non-coding region (Msp Ⅰ) of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and glntathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) in the Mongolian population in Inner Mongolian Region of China. Methods Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and multiplex PCR methods were used to analyze blood samples obtained from 263 case subjects and 263 control subjects to determine their genotypes for CYP1A1 and GSTM1.Control subjects were matched with case subjects by ethnic background, age and gender. Results The frequencies of the variant CYP1A1 genotypes (CYP1A1C) and GSTM1-null in lung cancer groups were higher than those in control groups (38.4% vs. 28. 5% and 57.8% vs. 48.0%). The individuals who corried with CYP1A1C genotype had a significantly higher risk of lung cancer (OR=1.56, 95% CI=1.08 to 2.25, P=0.016) than those who carried with non-variation CYP1A1 genotype. The ones who carried with GSTM1-null genotype also had a significantly higher risk of lung cancer (OR=1.49, 95% CI=1.06 to 2.10, P=0.023) than these who carried with GSTM1-present genotype.When combination of polymorphisms of CYP1A1 and GSTM1 genotypes was analyzed, the risk of lung cancer for combination of CYP1A1C and GSTM1-null genotypes was increased significantly (OR=2.084, 95e CI=1.27 to 3.42, P=0.003). Susceptibility to lung cancer was related to smoking (OR=2.10, 95% CI=1.48 to 2.98, P=0.000). Considering smoking status, the risk of lung cancer for combination of smoking and CYP1A1C genotype was remarkably increased (OR=2.76, 950/0 CI=1.74 to 4. 37, P=0.000). It was the same case with combination of smoking and GSTM1-null genotype (OR=4. 38, 95% CI=2.35 to 8.15, P=0.000). Conclusion The polymorphisms of CYP1A1C genotype and GSTM1-null are the risk factors of lung cancer in the Mongolian population in Inner Mongolia Region of China. Smoking is also related to susceptibility to lung cancer. There may be a synergetic interaction between CYP1A1C and GSTM1-null in the elevated susceptibility of lung cancer. Smoking may have a synergetic interaction with CYP1A1C and GSTM1-null in the elevated susceptibility of lung cancer.