RESUMEN
ABSTRACT This review aims to provide current information about Q fever, elucidating the etiological, epidemiological, pathogenic, clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and prophylactic aspects of the disease for the medical community. We discuss the main forms of presentation of the agent, its ability to persist in the body, the infinite possibilities of susceptible hosts, the main known forms of transmission, its importance in populations at occupational risk, and the role of arthropods in the natural history of the disease. Focusing on Brazil, we present the cases already described and studies developed since its first report, and how there is still much to unravel. We are aware of the possibilities of the persistence of the agent and the development of severe clinical pictures and the specific treatments currently instituted. We also wish to raise awareness about the future, the new genotypes that are emerging, the need to study the effects of vaccines, and the impact of Q fever on the population. Q fever is a poorly understood disease in Latin America, and recent studies, especially in Brazil, have revealed the importance of developing new studies.
RESUMEN
A brucelose é uma importante zoonose causada por bactérias do gênero Brucella. O homem é infectado pelo contato com as secreções reprodutivas como placenta, lóquios placentários, sêmen e secreções penianas de animais infectados ou pelo consumo de leite e derivados não pasteurizados. Com o objetivo de pesquisar a presença da bactéria no leite, foram avaliadas, através da técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), 30 amostras de leite cru comercializadas clandestinamente na região de Botucatu, São Paulo, bem como 50 amostras de leite entregues em laticínio, previamente à pasteurização. Das 80 amostras analisadas pela técnica de PCR, 10 (12,5%) foram positivas e 70 (87,5%) negativas. Dentre as amostras positivas, 5 amostras (16,6%) eram provenientes de comerciantes ilegais e outras 5 amostras (10%) foram obtidas no laticínio. A positividade para Brucella spp. demonstra que o patógeno se encontra presente de forma importante na região de Botucatu, São Paulo, e que o risco associado à saúde pública devido à comercialização de produtos clandestinos sem prévia pasteurização é real.(AU)
Brucellosis is a zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. Man infection occurs through contact with reproductive secretions as placenta and its lochia, semen and penile secretion of infected animals or by consuming unpasteurized milk and dairy products. With the objective of investigating the presence of bacteria in milk, 30 samples of raw milk sold illegally in the region of Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, as well as 50 samples of milk delivered to a dairy industry previously to its pasteurization were evaluated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Of the 80 samples analyzed, 10 samples (12.5%) were positive and 70 (87.5%) were negative. Among the positive samples, 5 (16.6%) were from illegal traders and other 5 (10%) were obtained from the dairy industry. Brucella spp. positivity shows that the pathogen is representatively present in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, and the risk associated to public health due to the commercialization of illegal products without pasteurization is real.(AU)