RESUMEN
Abstract Objective: the development and analysis of the macro and micronutrient composition of homemade enteral diets. Method: A standard homemade enteral diet was developed at three caloric concentrations - 1500, 1800 and 2100 Kcal. After preparation and testing of viscosity, stability, odor and color, plus evaluation of cost, the chemical composition of the nutrients of the diets were analytically determined. Folic acid, vitamin D and vitamin B12 values were calculated using chemical composition tables. The results were compared with recommended nutritional standards for the elderly. Result: The diets exhibited normal macronutrient distribution. The 1500 caloric level presented some mineral and vitamin deficiencies. Suitable values were obtained at the other caloric levels for all minerals except magnesium. There were appropriate levels of all the vitamins in the 2100 Kcal diet, while vitamin E, D and B6 levels were below the recommended dietary allowances in the 1800 Kcal diet. Conclusion: The standard homemade enteral diets studied can contribute to the food and nutritional safety of elderly persons undergoing home care, if all are supplemented with magnesium and the 1800 Kcal diet is supplemented with vitamin E, D and B6. The 1500 Kcal diet was not nutritionally safe in terms of micronutrients. AU
Resumo Objetivo: Desenvolver e analisar a composição de macro e micronutrientes de dietas enterais semiartesanais para uso domiciliar. Método: Foi desenvolvida uma receita de dieta enteral semiartesanal padrão, com três concentrações calóricas, de 1500, 1800 e 2100 Kcal. Após o preparo e teste de viscosidade, estabilidade, odor, cor e custo as dietas tiveram a composição química de macro e micronutrientes analisada. O folato e vitamina D e B12 tiveram seus valores estimados por meio de tabelas de composição química. Os resultados encontrados foram comparados com as recomendações nutricionais para idosos. Resultado: As dietas apresentaram distribuição normal de macronutrientes. A dieta de 1500 Kcal apresentou diversas deficiências de minerais e vitaminas. Nos demais níveis calóricos, obteve-se valores adequados para todos os minerais exceto o magnésio. As vitaminas estavam todas adequadas no nível calórico de 2100 Kcal e no de 1800 Kcal, a vitamina E, D e B6 não alcançaram as recomendações dietéticas diárias. Conclusão: A dietas padrões desenvolvidas podem contribuir para segurança alimentar e nutricional de idosos em terapia nutricional domiciliar, desde que todas suplementadas com magnésio, e a de 1800 Kcal com vitamina E, D e B6. A fórmula de 1500 Kcal não se mostrou segura nutricionalmente no que tange aos micronutrientes. AU
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Nutrición Enteral , Seguridad Alimentaria , Análisis de los Alimentos , Atención Domiciliaria de SaludRESUMEN
Patients who need prolonged domiciliary enteral nutritional therapy may benefit from handmade diets. However, the preparation of such diets might cause insecurity with regard to their nutritional composition and physical-chemical properties. Current study analyzes the osmolality and Hydrogen-Ion concentration (pH) on handmade enteral diets. To this purpose, six formulas and two juices, prescribed on discharge from hospital, were analyzed physically and chemically. Osmolality and pH were respectively determined by cryoscopy and potentiometry. Most formulations were classified as isosmolar (with less than 400 mOsm/kg solvent), and only one was classified as slightly hyperosmolar, with rates ranging from 356.7 to 403.5 mOsm/kg solvent. On average, the standard formula presented higher osmolality than similar ones prepared for hyperglycemia. Among the juices, only one registered hyperosmolar concentration of 595.54 mOsm/kg solvent. All formulas presented pH rates classified as low acidity, ranging between 6.1 and 6.6, while the two juices had the lowest results, 4.73 and 4.66 each. The blend of ingredients used in handmade formulas and juices studied presented acceptable osmolality and pH rates for a safe administration and absence of gastrointestinal complications. Data showed here are consistent with an appropriate and healthy diet and contributed towards success in domiciliary enteral nutritional therapy.