Clinical and microbiological evaluation of non-surgical periodontal therapy in obese and non-obese individuals with periodontitis: a 9-month prospective longitudinal study

Abstract Objective Obesity is a chronic disease that negatively affects an individual's general and oral health. The present study aimed to compare the clinical and microbiological effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy with the full mouth disinfection (FMD) protocol on obese and non-obese individuals at 9 months post-therapy. Methodology This clinical study was first submitted and approved by the Ethics Committee. Fifty-five obese patients and 39 non-obese patients with periodontitis were evaluated. The full-mouth periodontal clinical parameters, clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI), were monitored at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months after periodontal treatment with full mouth disinfection (FMD) protocol. The mean count of Tannerella forsythia , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Treponema Denticola , and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction on subgingival biofilm samples. Demographic data were assessed by Chi-square test. For clinical and microbiological parameters, two-factor repeated-measures ANOVA was used. Results In both groups, periodontal therapy using the one-stage full-mouth disinfection protocol significantly improved CAL, PD, GI, and PI (p<0.05). Obese and non-obese patients equally responded to non-surgical periodontal therapy (p>0.05). Microbial count found no major differences (p>0.05) between obese and non-obese individuals who had undergone non-surgical periodontal therapy. Conclusions Obesity did not affect the clinical and microbiological outcomes of non-surgical periodontal therapy.

A saliva e seus produtos ­ sua importância na periodontia: revisão da literatura / Saliva and your products ­ your importance in periodontics: literature review

A saliva é um fluido biológico bucal secretado por glândulas salivares e tem grande participação na regulação da microbiota bucal. Atualmente diversas áreas da pesquisa científica adotam o uso da saliva na elaboração de diagnósticos e previsibilidade de terapias afins. Esta tendência se deve ao fato de que o uso da saliva é uma fonte rica de informações moleculares e sua aquisição é relativamente simples por ser uma técnica não invasiva, de fácil coleta, baixo custo, indolor e segura. A saliva pode ser usada no diagnóstico precoce de doenças sistêmicas (câncer, doenças infecciosas e cardiovasculares) e diversas substâncias orgânicas e inorgânicas podem ser detectadas, assim como drogas e seus metabólitos e marcadores biológicos. Particularmente em periodontia, o uso da saliva pode ser importante no diagnóstico, na quantificação de bactérias, na avaliação de interleucinas, nitrato e nitrito entre outros. Assim, o objetivo desta revisão de literatura é atualizar clínicos e periodontistas em relação a importância da saliva como uma ferramenta valiosa no diagnóstico e no monitoramento da condição do hospedeiro em relação às patologias periodontais.(AU)

Saliva is a buccal biological fluid secreted by salivary glands and has great participation in the regulation of the oral microbiota. Currently several areas of scientific research adopt the use of saliva in the elaboration of diagnoses and predictability of related therapies. This trend is due to the fact that the use of saliva is a rich source of molecular information and its acquisition is relatively simple because it is a noninvasive technique, easy to collect, low cost, painless and safe. Saliva can be used for the early diagnosis of systemic diseases (cancer, infectious and cardiovascular diseases) and various organic and inorganic substances can be detected, as well as drugs and their metabolites and biological markers. Particularly in periodontics, the use of saliva may be important in the diagnosis, in the quantification of bacteria, in the evaluation of interleukins, nitrate and nitrite among others. Thus, the objective of this literature review is to update clinicians and periodontists regarding the importance of saliva as a valuable tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of the host condition in relation to periodontal pathologies.(AU)

Effects of chlorhexidine preprocedural rinse on bacteremia in periodontal patients: a randomized clinical trial

Abstract Objective: Single dose of systemic antibiotics and short-term use of mouthwashes reduce bacteremia. However, the effects of a single dose of preprocedural rinse are still controversial. This study evaluated, in periodontally diseased patients, the effects of a pre-procedural mouth rinse on induced bacteremia. Material and Methods: Systemically healthy individuals with gingivitis (n=27) or periodontitis (n = 27) were randomly allocated through a sealed envelope system to: 0.12% chlorhexidine pre-procedural rinse (13 gingivitis and 13 periodontitis patients) or no rinse before dental scaling (14 gingivitis and 15 periodontitis patients). Periodontal probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque, and gingival indices were measured and subgingival samples were collected. Blood samples were collected before dental scaling, 2 and 6 minutes after scaling. Total bacterial load and levels of P. gingivalis were determined in oral and blood samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction, while aerobic and anaerobic counts were determined by culture in blood samples. The primary outcome was the antimicrobial effect of the pre-procedural rinse. Data was compared by Mann-Whitney and Signal tests (p<0.05). Results: In all sampling times, polymerase chain reaction revealed higher blood bacterial levels than culture (p<0.0001), while gingivitis patients presented lower bacterial levels in blood than periodontitis patients (p<0.0001). Individuals who experienced bacteremia showed worse mean clinical attachment level (3.4 mm vs. 1.1 mm) and more subgingival bacteria (p<0.005). The pre-procedural rinse did not reduce induced bacteremia. Conclusions: Bacteremia was influenced by periodontal parameters. In periodontally diseased patients, pre-procedural rinsing showed a discrete effect on bacteremia control.

Influência da ciclosporina a nos tecidos periodontais e na osseointegração de implantes: revisão de literatura / Influence of cyclosporine a on periodontal tissue and osseointegration of implants: review of literature

A Ciclosporina A é um potente imunossupressor utilizado no tratamento de diversas patologias mediada imunologicamente. É indicado principalmente no tratamento preventivo da rejeição de órgãos em indivíduos transplantados. Efeitos adversos relacionados com o uso do fármaco como a indução de osteopenia, desequilíbrio no processo de remodelação óssea, desenvolvimento de osteoporose e o aumento gengival são descritos na literatura. O objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar através da literatura os efeitos da ciclosporina A no metabolismo do tecido gengival, ósseo e sua influência como possível fator de risco na osseointegração de implantes. Empregando-se os termos cyclosporine AND dental implants; cyclosporine AND osseointegration; e cyclosporine AND gingival overgrowth como palavras chave, foram levantados artigos na base de dados Pubmed, publicados entre os anos de 2000 a 2016, na língua inglesa e portuguesa. Conclui-se que os efeitos adversos causados pela ciclosporina A podem interferir na saúde bucal dos indivíduos e no sucesso do tratamento odontológico. É fundamental que o cirurgião dentista conheça os mecanismos de ação do medicamento, seus efeitos adversos e interações medicamentosas, a fim de desenvolver estratégias de prevenção e tratamento para usuários do medicamento (AU)

Cyclosporine A is a potent immunosuppressive drug used in the treatment of various immunologically mediated pathologies. It is mainly indicated in the preventive treatment of organ rejection in transplant recipients. Adverse effects associated with using the drug such as the induction of osteopenia, imbalance in bone remodeling, development of osteoporosis and gingival enlargement are described in literature. The aim of this study was to review, through literature, the effects of cyclosporine A in the metabolism of gingival tissue, bone and its influence as a possible risk factor in osseointegration of implants. Using the terms cyclosporine AND dental implants; cyclosporine AND osseointegration; and cyclosporine AND gingival overgrowth as keywords, a search was conducted for articles published in the Pubmed database between the years 2000-2016, in English and Portuguese. It was concluded that the adverse effects caused by cyclosporine A may interfere in the oral health of individuals and the success of the dental treatment. It is essential that the dentist is aware of the action mechanisms of the drug, its side effects and medicinal interactions in order to develop prevention and treatment strategies for users of the drug (AU)

Avaliação da eficácia clínica e microbiana de dois protocolos terapêuticos periodontais / Clinical and microbial efficacy of two periodontal therapeutic protocols

O objetivo principal deste ensaio clínico randomizado foi o de avaliar a efetividade clínica e microbiana da terapia de raspagem dental realizada por quadrante em relação a raspagem dental em estágio único. Para responder este objetivo foram incluídos 20 indivíduos com periodontite crônica avançada distribuídos aleatoriamente em 2 grupos a saber: Grupo 1 (10 indivíduos-Raspagem Quadrante), Grupo 2 (10 indivíduos-Raspagem Estágio Único). Mensurações longitudinais foram realizadas durante todo o ensaio confrontando parâmetros clínicos de profundidade de sondagem e nível de inserção clínica para avaliação das terapias. Análise microbiana quantitativa (qPCR) da espécie A. actinomycetemcomitans e P. gingivalis em função do evento “raspagem dental” foi realizada em toda a população do estudo nas etapas pré raspagem [T0] e pós raspagem [T1]. As amostras intrassulculares para a análise do qPCR foram coletadas dos cinco dentes com maior evidência de atividade de doença periodontal ou seja, com as maiores profundidades de sondagem associadas a perda de inserção clínica. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por teste t pareado (p<0.05). Os resultados mostraram que em ambos os grupos houve uma melhora clínica tanto do parâmetro profundidade de sondagem quanto do nível de inserção clinica, já para a frequência dos patógenos testados verificou-se que similarmente ocorreu redução microbiana nos dois grupos investigados. Após análise dos dados conclui-se que ambos protocolos terapêuticos aqui investigados foram eficazes tanto clínica quanto microbiologicamente

The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical and microbial effects of scaling and root planing using quadrant debridement or full-mouth debridement. A total of 20 patients diagnosed severe chronic periodontitis were enrolled in this survey: Ten subjects were allocated in quadrant debridement group and 10 subjects in full-mouth debridement group. Longitudinal clinical measurements such as periodontal pocket depth as well as clinical attachment loss were investigated at baseline and at 90 days in both therapies. Also, microbial analysis were performed by qPCR to detect the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. We collected subgingival samples of 5 severe site from each patient. All clinical and microbial data were analyzed by t student test (p<0.05) and the results showed that both periodontal treatment exhibited good results. Then, we concluded that both treatments provide clinical and microbial benefits for all included patients