Histopathological pattern of neoplastic ovarian lesions

Introduction: Ovarian neoplasm is the most fascinating tumor of women in terms of its histogenesis, clinical behavior and malignant potential. The ovary is the third most common site of primary malignancy in female genital tract after cervix and endometrium accounting for 30% of all cancers of female genital tract. Aim and objectives: To study frequency and distribution of different histological types of ovarian tumors and to analyse age distribution of these tumors and to find out frequency of benign and malignant neoplasms of ovary. Material and methods: The present study was based on histopathological evaluation of 97 cases of ovarian neoplastic lesions received at the Department of Histopathology, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad during October 2012 to October 2013. The gross specimens received were fixed in 10 percent formalin for 24 hours and multiple sections from each specimen were taken to include the representative area for histological examination. Sections were processed by routine paraffin method, blocks were cut at five micron thickness and the sections were stained with conventional Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain. The lesions were then classified and studied according to WHO Classification of ovarian tumors. (ICD - 9 th edition). Results: A total number of 97 cases were studied. Among these, 82 cases (84.5%) were benign, 2 cases (2.1%) were borderline and 13 cases (13.4%) were malignant tumors. Benign neoplasms were most commonly seen in 3rd to 5th decade, whereas malignant neoplasms were commonly seen in 5th decade. Serous cystadenoma (52.7%) was the commonest benign tumor followed by Mucinous Modi D, Rathod GB, Delwadia KN, Goswami HM. Histopathological pattern of neoplastic ovarian lesions. IAIM, 2016; 3(1): 51-57. Page 52 cystadenoma (28.4%). Among the malignant surface epithelial tumors, serous cystadenocarcinomas (8.1%) were most common followed by Mucinous cystadenocarcinomas (4.1%). Conclusion: Benign ovarian tumors were more common than malignant ones for all age groups. Surface epithelial tumors were the most common class of tumors. Serous cystadenoma was the most common ovarian tumor overall as well as the most common benign tumor, whereas serous cystadenocarcinoma was the most common ovarian malignancy. Malignant ovarian tumors were more common above 40 years.

Study of seroprevalence in thalassemic patients.

Background: Thalassemias are a group of congenital anemias that have in common deficient synthesis of one or more of the globin subunits of normal human haemoglobins. They are one of the commonest inherited hemolytic disorders. Materials and methods: Present study was done at a teaching hospital in Ahmedabad between August 2005 and September 2007. Blood samples of patients attending Thalassemia Clinic and Pediatric Department were tested. Total 93 patients were tested for HIV, HBsAg and HCV as and when they came for transfusion. Results: 4 Patients were found HIV positive. All of them were male. The increased seropositivity coincided with increased no of transfusions. Incidence of HIV positivity is 4.3%. Two of them were also HCV reactive and one HBSAg reactive. Out of 93 thalassemic children 4 were found HBsAg positive. All of them were male and non - vaccinated. Incidence of HBsAg positivity is calculated as 4.356. The low incidence of HBsAg positivity can be correlated with high proportion of the children getting vaccinated. 72 patients (77.4%) are vaccinated or undergoing vaccination. 19 Patients were found anti - HCV antibody positive showing an incidence of 20.4%. 13 of them were male and 6 female Conclusion: Thalassemic children receiving multiple transfusions are at high risk of acquiring transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs). Incidence of HIV positively has decreased due to mandatory screening of all blood bags. Ideally all patients should complete vaccination for hepatitis B before starting transfusion or as soon as possible thereafter. At present HCV infection has higher incidence in Modi D, Rathod GB, Delwadia KN, Goswami HM. Study of seroprevalence in thalassemic patients. IAIM, 2016; 3(4): 57- 65. Page 58 thalassemics as there is no vaccination available. Now a thalassemic with optimum transfusion and chelation has life expectancy like non thalassemics.

Histopathological study of bone lesions – review of 102 cases.

Background: A spectrum of pathological bone lesions can be presented in any form from inflammatory to neoplastic conditions. Diagnosis of all bone lesions is made by radiological modalities like plain X-ray, CT scan, MRI and bone scintigraphy. Aim and Objectives: To study histopathological features of bone lesions and correlate them with age, site and type of lesions. Material and Methods: The study was carried out at tertiary care center from April 2013 to November 2013. A total of 102 bone lesions were analyzed. Bone biopsy was performed after detailed clinical and radiological examination. After fixation, decalcification, processing and H&E staining, histopathological diagnosis was made. Results: Out of all 102 cases, 44.11% bone lesions were found between 25-50 years with male predominance. The incidence of non neoplastic lesions was 74.5% and neoplastic lesions were 25.4%. Amongst neoplastic lesions, incidence of benign tumors was 17.64% and malignant tumors were 7.8%. The Tuberculous Osteomyelitis was most common non neoplstic lesion while giant cell tumor and osteochondroma were common among benign tumors and osteosarcoma and Secondary metastasis were common among malignant bone tumors. Conclusion: Though Bone tumors are less common, if viewed in perspective of clinico radiology and histopathology, correct diagnosis can be made.

Study of significance of glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic patient.

Background: Investigation of the structure and biosynthesis of glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the past decade have provided a means to objectively access the average level of glycemia in diabetic patient. The use of Glycosylated hemoglobin level as integrated index of long term blood glucose level, represent a significant tool in our research and therapeutic armamentarium. In this study, we have estimated glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) in diabetic and non diabetic person and its relationship with fasting and post prandial blood sugar levels. Materials and methods: In present study, Glycosylated hemoglobin levels were estimated by using cation exchange resin method. The study was conducted from November 2012 to October 2014. Measurement of total HbA1c and blood sugar were carried out at Diabetic research laboratory, Tertiary care centre, Teaching Institute. 110 Non diabetic persons studied as a control, which were proved to be Non diabetic from history, FBS, PPBS, Urine sugar. Persons with family history of diabetes were not included in control group (Group: X). 350 diabetic patients which included new and old cases, IDDM and NIDDM cases, complicated and non complicated cases, among them 241 were having NIDDM and 109 were having IDDM type of diabetes (Group: Y+Z). All cases thoroughly studied and details about personal data, history, clinical examination, laboratory investigations, complication of diabetes and type of treatment were noted. Results: In IDDM, there was higher value of mean GHb (13.13%), than in NIDDM (mean GHB 11.89%). Patients having Insulin therapy had higher value of GHb (13.08%) than with on oral hypoglycemic agents (11.91%) and patients on dietary modification had level 9.44%. There was no Modi D, Rathod GB, Delwadia KN, Goswami HM. Study of significance of glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic patient. IAIM, 2016; 3(4): 1-10. Page 2 significant difference in GHb among patients with complication (12.26%) and patients without complications (12.29%). Conclusion: Glycosylated hemoglobin assay defines an end point as the fuel of diabetic therapy and provides a powerful stimulus to the patients to improve their compliance. Glycosylated hemoglobin assay may provide an alternative method of screening for diabetes.

Changing trends in MTP at SSG hospital, Baroda--a retrospective study.

This is a retrospective study carried out in the postpartum unit of Medical College and SSG Hospital, Baroda, Gujarat with an aim to assess the changes in the practices of medical termination of pregnancy over the last 20 years. Randomisation was achieved by selecting every tenth year from 1983 as a study year. Chi-square test was used as the test of significance. There was a rise in the total number of medical termination of pregnancies performed in the postpartum unit from 1983 to 1993 and then to 2003 (498 to 965 and then to 1054 respectively). Majority of the beneficiaries in all the 3 study years belonged to the urban population in the age group of 21-30 years with two living children. Number of unmarried beneficiaries were on rise but the difference was not statistically significant (1.6% to 1.8% and then to 2.8% respectively). There was a positive trend of coming for medical termination at earlier weeks and significant decline in the number of second trimester medical termination of pregnancies (57.0% to 13.3% and then to 13.4% respectively). There was a significant increase in the beneficiaries opting for temporary methods of contraception from 1983 to 1993 (48.6% to 55.6%). Copper-T was the most favoured method of temporary contraception in all the 3 study years. Medical termination of pregnancy was like an entry point for contraception, either temporary or permanent in all the study years.

Comparative behaviour of yeast strains for ethanolic fermentation of culled apple juice.

The culled apple juice contained (% w/v): nitrogen, 0.036; total sugars, 11.6 and was of pH 3.9. Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM 3284, Pichia kluyeri and Candida krusei produced more ethanol from culled apple juice at its optimum initial pH 4.5, whereas S. cerevisiae NCIM 3316 did so at pH 5.0. An increase in sugar concentration of apple juice from natural 11.6% to 20% exhibited enhanced ethanol production and improved fermentation efficiency of both the S. cerevisiae strains, whereas P. kluyveri and C. krusei produced high ethanol at 11.6% and 16.0% sugar levels, respectively. Urea was stimulatory for ethanol production as well as fermentation efficiency of the yeast strains under study.

Profile of women undergoing reversal of sterilisation.

Two hundred twenty women who were subjected to reversal of female sterilisation over 7 years were analysed. It was found that death of the male child was the strongest reason for seeking a reversal. This was coupled with the parity of these subjects being two or less in 70% instances at the time of primary sterilisation surgery. Nearly 85.9% reversal were sought in the higher age groups clubbed together. This has an adverse bearing on success of reversal surgery as the fertility potential of a woman declines physiologically as age advances.

Comparison of MR angiography with contrast angiography for the diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis.

To assess the accuracy of MR angiography for screening vascular stenosis of the extracranial carotid arteries, 20 consecutive patients with suspected extracranial carotid atherosclerotic disease were evaluated with time-of-flight MR angiography and intra-arterial contrast angiography. Both studies were independently reviewed by three observers in a blinded manner. The internal carotid arteries were graded as either normal or mildly stenotic (0%-29%), moderately stenotic (30%-69%), severely stenotic (70%-99%) or occluded. Results of the study indicate that time-of-flight MR angiography has a high rate of agreement with contrast angiography and is an accurate screening technique of the common carotid bifurcation in patients with suspected carotid stenosis.