RESUMEN
Introduction: Dengue and Chikungunya (CHIK) infections appear to be increasing in all parts of India. Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are common vectors for dengue virus (DENV) and CHIK virus (CHIKV - Chikungunya Virus). In areas where both viruses co circulate, they can be transmitted together. Aim: The present study was undertaken to study the prevalence of dengue–CHIK co infection and compare with monoinfection. Methods: IgM antibody capture ELISA (Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) for dengue IgM and CHIK IgM and ELISA for dengue non structural protein 1 antigen was performed on serum samples obtained from suspected patients. Results: Out of total 1071 samples from suspected patients for dengue & chikungunya infection, 212 (19.7%) samples were positive for DENV while CHIK IgM antibodies were positive in 145 (13.53%) patients. Total 44 sera were positive (4.10%) for co-infection of dengue and CHIK. Conclusion: Increase in the number of Dengue and Chikungunya infections and their cocirculation is an important public health concern which warrants the implementation of strict control measures
RESUMEN
Background: The purpose of this study was to isolate the Candida spp. & examine their susceptibility to antifungal drugs from various clinical specimens. One hundred fifty isolates of Candida spp. were included in this study. Clinical history revealed that all patients were on systemic broad spectrum antibacterial drugs. Materials and Methods: Candida spp. was differentiated by germ tube test, culture characteristics on special media for fungus, sugar fermentation, sugar assimilation and growth on corn meal agar. Antifungal drug susceptibility testing against Fluconazole, Ketoconazole, Itraconazole, Voriconazole, Nystatin and Amphotericin B were done on basis of CLSI guidelines on Methylene blue containing Mueller Hinton Agar by disk diffusion method. Result: We found 52% and 48%, C.albicans & Non albicans candida spp., respectively. There were no resistance to Nystatin and Amphotericin B. C.albicans was more susceptible than Non albicans candida. Nystatin & Amphotericin B were susceptible to all isolated Candida spp. In present scenario, Fluconazole is most commonly used empirical antifungal drug, which is more effective to C.albicans than Non albicans Candida. Conclusion: Due to emergence of resistance in Azole group of antifungal among Non albicans candida, it should be mandatory to use antifungal drugs as per the susceptibility testing.