Biochemical and histochemical changes induced by long term use of nalbuphine versus morphine in rat liver

Fifty-six mature albino rats were used for this study. They were divided into three groups. Eight animals were kept as placebo control group [group C] and were injected saline intraperitoneally, daily for one month. The remaining 48 animals were divided into 2 main groups, 24 animals each: Nalbuphine group [group N] and morphine group [group M]. Each was subdivided into 3 equal subgroups, 8 animals each. Each subgroup was given the corresponding drug in the analgesic dose [N1 and M1 subgroups given 0.9 ug/g b. wt.], double the analgesic dose [N2 and M2 subgroups given 1.8 ug/g b. wt.] or triple the analgesic dose [N3 and M3 subgroups given 2.7 ug/g b. wt.] intraperitoneally, daily for one month. Alanine transferase [ALT], aspartate transferase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], total proteins and albumin were estimated after one month. Histochemical studies of ALP, acid phosphatase [ACP] and succinic dehydrogenase were done. From the results obtained it was concluded that nalbuphine hydrochloride is much more safer than morphine for prolonged use, especially in patients with compromised livers

Peep modulation of haemodynamic parameters and blood gasometry

This study was conducted to evaluate the hemodynamic and blood gas variations in response to PEEP at different levels during mechanical ventilation in 30 adult patients having normal cardio-respiratory functions. Thiopentone, suxamethonium, halothane, nitrous oxide in oxygen and atracurium were used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. Ventilation was controlled with ZEEP for 30 minutes followed by PEEP for another 30 minutes. Level of PEEP varied according to the group [5, 10 or 15 cm H20]. Hemodynamic changes in the form of decreased systolic and mean blood pressure and increased CVP were prominent with higher levels of PEEP. These levels were accompanied with decreased PaO2, increased PaCO2 and decreased pH. PEEP of 10 cm H20 was found to be a suitable level with minimal hemodynamic, ventilatory and metabolic changes, above which undesirable effects mostly develop. So, PEEP of 10 cm H20 is recommended in patients submitted to prolonged surgical procedures