Human Hair Outer Root Sheath Cells and Platelet-Lysis Exosomes Promote Hair Inductivity of Dermal Papilla Cell

BACKGROUND@#Hair loss is a prevalent medical problem in both men and women. Maintaining the potential hair inductivityof dermal papilla cells (DPCs) during cell culture is the main factor in hair follicle morphogenesis and regeneration. Thepresent study was conducted to compare the effects of different concentrations of human hair outer root sheath cell(HHORSC)and platelet lysis (PL) exosomes to maintain hair inductivity of the human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs). @*METHODS@#In this study, hDPCs and HHORSCswere isolated from healthy hair samples. Specific markers of hDPCs (versican,a-SMA) and HHORSCs (K15) were evaluated using flow cytometric and immunocytochemical techniques. The exosomes wereisolated fromHHORSCsand PL with ultracentrifugation technique.Western blot was used to detect specific markers of HHORSCsand PL exosomes. Particle size and distribution of the exosomes were analyzed by NanoSight dynamic light NanoSight DynamicLight Scattering. Different methods such as proliferation test (MTS assay), migration test (Transwell assay) were used to evaluatethe effects of different concentrations of exosomes (2,550,100 lg/ml) derived from HHORSC and PL on hDPCs. Expression ofspecific genes in the hair follicle inductivity, including ALP, versican and a-SMA were also evaluated using real time-PCR. @*RESULTS@#The flow cytometry of the specific cytoplasmic markers of the hDPCs and HHORSCs showed expression ofversican (77%), a-SMA (55.2%) and K15 (73.2%). The result of particle size and distribution of the exosomes wereanalyzed by NanoSight dynamic light NanoSight Dynamic Light Scattering, which revealed the majority of HHORSC andPL exosomes were 30–150 nm. For 100 lg/ml of HHORSC exosomes, the expressions of ALP, versican and a-SMAproteins respectively increased by a factor of 2.1, 1.7and 1.3 compared to those in the control group. @*CONCLUSION@#In summary, we applied HHORSC exosomes as a new method to support hair inductivity of dermalpapilla cells and improve the outcome for the treatment of hair loss.

Human Hair Outer Root Sheath Cells and Platelet-Lysis Exosomes Promote Hair Inductivity of Dermal Papilla Cell

BACKGROUND@#Hair loss is a prevalent medical problem in both men and women. Maintaining the potential hair inductivityof dermal papilla cells (DPCs) during cell culture is the main factor in hair follicle morphogenesis and regeneration. Thepresent study was conducted to compare the effects of different concentrations of human hair outer root sheath cell(HHORSC)and platelet lysis (PL) exosomes to maintain hair inductivity of the human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs). @*METHODS@#In this study, hDPCs and HHORSCswere isolated from healthy hair samples. Specific markers of hDPCs (versican,a-SMA) and HHORSCs (K15) were evaluated using flow cytometric and immunocytochemical techniques. The exosomes wereisolated fromHHORSCsand PL with ultracentrifugation technique.Western blot was used to detect specific markers of HHORSCsand PL exosomes. Particle size and distribution of the exosomes were analyzed by NanoSight dynamic light NanoSight DynamicLight Scattering. Different methods such as proliferation test (MTS assay), migration test (Transwell assay) were used to evaluatethe effects of different concentrations of exosomes (2,550,100 lg/ml) derived from HHORSC and PL on hDPCs. Expression ofspecific genes in the hair follicle inductivity, including ALP, versican and a-SMA were also evaluated using real time-PCR. @*RESULTS@#The flow cytometry of the specific cytoplasmic markers of the hDPCs and HHORSCs showed expression ofversican (77%), a-SMA (55.2%) and K15 (73.2%). The result of particle size and distribution of the exosomes wereanalyzed by NanoSight dynamic light NanoSight Dynamic Light Scattering, which revealed the majority of HHORSC andPL exosomes were 30–150 nm. For 100 lg/ml of HHORSC exosomes, the expressions of ALP, versican and a-SMAproteins respectively increased by a factor of 2.1, 1.7and 1.3 compared to those in the control group. @*CONCLUSION@#In summary, we applied HHORSC exosomes as a new method to support hair inductivity of dermalpapilla cells and improve the outcome for the treatment of hair loss.

effects of Adiantum capillus-veneris on wound healing: an experimental in vitro evaluation

A lot of remedies, mostly plant based, were mentioned in the Persian old pharmacopoeias for promoting of burn and wound healing and tissue repairing. The efficacy of most of these old remedies is unexplored till now. Adiantum capillus-veneris from Adiantaceae family is one of them that was used to treating of some kinds of chronic wounds. Methanol extract was fractionated to four different partitions that is, hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous. The potential of A. capillus-veneris fractions in wound healing or prevention of chronic wounds were evaluated through angiogenesis and fibroblast proliferation, in addition to in vitrotests for protection against damage to fibroblasts by oxygen free radicals. The aqueous part of A. capillus-veneris promoted significant angiogenesis [P < 0.05] through both capillary-like tubular formations and proliferation of endothelial cells in vitro. In addition, in the tests for protection against damage to fibroblasts by oxygen free radicals, aqueous and butanol fractions showed significant protective effects in the concentrations 50, and 500 microg/ml [P < 0.05] in comparison with a control group. In the toxicity testing, it showed weak irritation in the Hen's egg test chorioallantoic membrane [CAM] bioassay at the vascular level on the CAM of the chicken and no significant cytotoxicity in the MTT assays on normal human dermal fibroblasts. Angiogenic effects and protective effects against oxygen free radicals suggested aqueous partition of A. capillus-veneris local application for prevention of late-radiation-induced injuries after radiation therapy and healing of external wounds similar to bedsores and burns

[Prevalence of androgenetic alopecia among women between 20-70 years old in Isfahan province in 2008-2009]

Androgenetic alopecia is an extremely common disorder affecting both men and women. The incidence is generally considered to be greater in males than females, although some evidence suggests that the apparent differences in incidence may be a reflection of different expression in males and females. This genetically determined disorder is progressive through the gradual conversion of terminal hairs into indeterminate hairs and finally to vellus hairs. Patients have a reduction in the terminal-to-vellus hair ratio, normally at least 2:1. Following miniaturization of the follicles, fibrous tracts remain. Patients with this disorder usually have a typical distribution of hair loss. This is a cross sectional study that conducted in Isfahan health center in 2007-2008. Using simple random sampling, we selected 1800 women in urban health center areas for hair loss. We evaluated the type of hair loss by Ludwig classification. The data was collected through administration of a specifically designed questionnaire and was analyzed using SPSS software. The chi-square and student tests were used for data analysis. According to results of this study the of 1800 women, 712 [39.6%] had hair loss. Mean age of females who had hair loss was 50.4 +/- 13 years. Thyroid disorders, ferritin serum level and androgenic hormones may play role in hair loss and their existance should be assessed

[Evaluation of effectivness of Nigella sativa extracts and topical honey application versus topical honey alone along with intralesional injection of Glucantime in the treatment of acute cutaneous leishmaniasis]

There are some reports regading the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect of honey and Nigella sativa and their therapeutic effects in improvement of wound healing. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of adding honey and Nigella sativa extract compared to honey alone in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis receiving intralesional Glucantime. In this clinical trial, 150 patients with confirmed cutaneous leishmaniasis were randomly allocated into two groups. One group was treated with topical honey twice daily along with weekly intralesional injection of Glucantime. In the second group, patients were treated with topical honey and 60% hydroalchoholic Nigella sativa extract instead of honey alone. The patients were treated until complete healing of the ulcer or for maximum of 12 weeks. At 12 weeks, complete cure was achieved in 61 [81.3%] of patients treated with topical honey and 60% hydroalchoholic Nigella sativa extract versus 48 [64%] in the second group [P=0.002]. The efficacy of adjunct honey and Nigella sativa extract along with intralesional Glucantime is more than honey alone in increasing complete cure rate and decreasing the residual scar size and the required dose of Glucantime

[ protective effect of azelaic acid 5% and minoxidil 5% combination therapy in reducing skin flap necrosis of rats]

One important limitation of random pattern skin flap in plastic surgery is the necrosis of distant parts of the flap resulting from ischemia. This effect cause unwanted increase in the costs and hospitalization. Previously, large number of factors has been evaluated to decrease the flap necrosis. In present study we used two drugs. Main reason was their mechanism of action that seems to be similar to preconditioning pathways. Fifty-six male rats were divided into four groups. In two groups 5% minoxidil or 5% azelaic acid were applied topically to the flap area before flap elevation. In some rats of minoxidil treated group, a non selective ATP sensitive potassium channel [KATP] blocker, glibenclamide [0.3mg/kg] was injected i.p. to evaluate the role of this channel in action. In azelaic acid treated rats, some were selected for evaluation of the role of nitric oxide and therefore L-NAME [20 mg/kg], a non-selective iNOS inhibitor, was administered. Seven days after operation, the extent of flap necrosis was calculated. Topical minoxidil or azelaic acid significantly recused necrotic area of skin flap to 42% [P<0.05] and 34% [P<0.01], respectively. Combination of minoxidil and azelaic acid was the most effictive intervantion on reducing of necrotic area to 26%. Glibenclamide abolished protective effect of minoxidil [P<0.001] and L-NAME inhibited the effect of azelaic acid on skin flap survival [P<0.05]. Both L-NAME and glibenclamide completely inhibited the effect of combination topical therapy. Present study suggested the role of KATP channels on minoxidil pathway and NO on L-NAME pathway of preserving skin flap survival. It seems that there is an overlap between the two pathways; however precise mechanism remained to be determined

effect of combination therapy with systemic meglumine antimoniate [Glucantime] and pentoxifylline in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a common parasitic disease in Iran specially in Isfahan. The first line of treatment for this disease are antimonial compounds, however, because of the increasing unresponsiveness and significant side effects alternative therapeutic measures have been advocated. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of meglumine antimoniate [Glucantime] plus pentoxifylline in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. This double blind randomized controlled clinical trial with simple sampling was performed on 64 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis referred to Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center. The patients were randomly divided in two groups. One group was treated with systemic Glucantime combined with pentoxifylline and the other group was treated with Glucantime plus placebo for 20 days and the patients were followed up for 3 months. The response to treatment was categorized into complete improvement [the lesions had been flattened, there was no induration and epidermal creases had been appeared], partial improvement [reduction in the size of the lesions, but without appearance of epidermal creases] and poor response [no reduction in the size of lesions]. Of 64 participants 32 patients in trial group and 31 patients in control group were followed for 3 months. After this time complete improvement, partial improvement and poor response to treatment were 8 1.3%, 12.5% and 6.2% in trial group and 52%, 29% and 19% in control group; respectively[P=0.04]. We also observed no adverse effects due to pentoxifylline. Combined therapy with Glucantime plus pentoxifylline was more effective than Glucantime alone

comparison between intralesional hypertonic sodium chloride solution and meglumine antimoniate [Glucantime] injections in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis

Different local and systemic modalities are suggested in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis, but the pentavalent antimony compounds are still considered as the first line of treatment. Regarding to increase in clinical drug resistance and adverse effects, efforts to find a more effective and safer drug is continuing. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of intralesional hypertonic sodium chloride solution and intralesional meglumine antimoniate injections in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. This randomized controlled clinical trial with simple sampling method was performed on 72 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. The patients were randomly divided in to two groups. One group was treated with intralesional hypertonic sodium chloride solution and the other one was treated with intralesional meglumine antimoniate injections at weekly intervals for 6 to 10 weeks. All patients were followed for 6 months after treatment. After six weeks of treatment, complete improvement, partial improvement, and no response to treatment were 33.3%, 45% and 22% in meglumine antimoniate group and 26%, 23% and 51% in trial group, respectively. In both groups complete improvement was observed in lesions smaller than 2 cm [2]. In lesions with partial improvement the treatment was continued up to 10 weeks and all patients were followed for six months. After six months ultimate cure rate was 52% in meglumine antimoniate group and 25% in hypertonic sodium chloride solution group. Injections of hypertonic sodium chloride solution has less efficacy in comparison with intralesional meglumine antimoniate in treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis, but considering the good response in primary small lesions, it can be used as an alternative therapy in some special cases including small lesions and allergic reactions to meglumine antimoniate

comparative study on the efficacy of combination therapy with omeprazole and low dose systemic meglumine antimoniate [Glucantime] and the full dose systemic meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis

Pentavalent antimony compounds are the first line of treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. However, because of their potential toxic effects attempts to find more effective and safer drugs still is in function. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of oral omeprazole and low dose systemic meglumine antimoniate [MA] and full dose systemic MA in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. A double blind clinical trial was performed on 150 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. The patients were randomly divided to three groups: l]intramuscular injections of MA [60 mg/kg/day] and oral placebo for three weeks; 2] intramuscular injections of MA [30 mg/kg/day] and oral omeprazole [40 mg/day] for three weeks; 3] intramuscular injections of MA [30 mg/kg/day] and oral placebo for three weeks. All patients were visited every two weeks from the beginning of the trial up to 6 weeks and then at 8 and 12 weeks. The effectiveness of the treatment was classified in three levels as complete response, partial response and failure. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 10 by using X [2], Mann-Whitney, Kaplan-Mayer and ANOVA t tests. Three months after the treatment, complete response and partial response in group one [43 patients] were 93% and 0%, respectively, which were significantly higher than other two groups [P<0.05]. Complete response and partial response were 88.9% and 2.8% in group two [36 patients], and 80% and 2.2% in group three [45 patients], respectively. Efficacy of the treatment in group two was significantly higher than group three [P<0.05]. Although oral omeprazole and low dose of systemic MA showed less efficacy in comparison to standard dose of systemic MA in treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis, it can be considered as an alternative therapy in high risk patients [such as patients with heart, kidney and/or liver disease] under close supervision of specialized physician

Evaluation of efficacy of diode laser treatment on unwanted hair

Unwanted hair has been one of the problems that many researches have dealt with. There are several ways for removal of unwanted hairs including laser. Laser hair removal is a new method in this field and the main objective of this study was to assess its effectiveness in Iranian patients.This study was done on 58 patients attending Isfahan's Shahid Beheshti Laser Center for laser hair removal. In the first session, diode laser [42-61 J/cm [2], 810 nm wave length, 200 msec pulse duration, 5 mm spot size] was used and if there was not any severe skin reaction, it was repeated up to four times at 1-1.5 month intervals. The main outcome measure was the number of hairs per cm [2] counted from digital photographs taken before the treatment and one month after the last treatment. All patients were followed up to 4 months after their last laser session. Fifty-eight patients with mean age of 30 years, Fitzpatrick skin types of II, III and IV and predominant black unwanted hairs were treated with a 810 nm diode laser. The mean hair reduction was 64% and the most reduction was seen in patients with skin type IV [70.4%]. The most common side effect was transient post laser erythema [34.5%]. There was a weak and negative but significant relation between the clearance rate and energy fluence [r = 0.29, P<0.05]. However, the relation between the age of the patients and clearance rate was positive [r = 0.42, P<0.05]. 810 nm diode laser is an effective and safe hair removal method in Iranian patients. The effect of energy fluence and age of the patients on the final hair reduction in the patients merits further attention in future studies

[ comparison between the efficacy of intralesional injection of 2% Zinc Sulfate solution with Glucantime in the treatment of acute old world cutaneous Leishmaniasis: a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial]

Several treatment modalities have been used for cutaneous leishmaniasis[CL] with various results. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown inhibitory effects of zinc sulfate [ZnSO4] on Leishmania parasites. To compare the efficacy of intralesional injections of 2% ZnSO4 solution with meglumineantimonate[Glucantime] in the treatment of acute Old World CL. Seventy-two patients with CL with a duration of less than 8 weeks were recruited in a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial in Isfahan province - an area endemic for Leishmania major - after giving written informed consent. They were treated with 6 weekly intralesional injections of either 2% sterile ZnSO4 solution or Glucantime prepared in identical vials. The primary outcome measure was complete re-epithelialization of CL lesions. Among 36 patients with 53 lesions treated with ZnSO4 and 36 patients with 53 lesions treated with Glucantime, 13 patients with 19 lesions and 22 patients with 31 lesions completed the trial, respectively. Inadequacy of treatment was the main reason for drop-out in 12 [33.3%] and 2 [5.5%] patients in ZnSO4 and Glucantime groups, respectively [P < 0.05]. Complete re-epithelialization was observed in 2 [10.5%] and 19 [61.3%] lesions 1 week after the end of treatment in the ZnSO4 and Glucantime groups, respectively [P < 0.05]. A six-week course of weekly intralesional injections of 2% ZnSO4 solution was less effective than Glucantime in the treatment of acute Old World CL

[Efficacy of combined triple therapy [paramomycin ointment, cryotherapy and intralesionalglucantime] in comparison with intralesionalglucantime for the treatment of acute cutaneous leishmaniasis]

In spite of different methods of treatment, there is not a simple, safe and complete curative treatment for cutaneous Leishmaniasis[CL], yet. To compare the efficacy of intralesionalGlucantime injection alone, with the combined triple therapy of cryotherapy, paramomycin ointment and intralesionalGlucantime in the treatment of CL. 157 patients with CL were randomly allocated into 2 groups, 81 patients in group 1 were injected with intralesionalGlucantime[Twice a week up to healing to the lesions or maximum 6 weeks]. 76 patients in group 2 were treated with Paramomycin ointment [15% in 10% urea, twice a day], cryotherapy[Maximum 3 times 2 weeks] apart and injection of intralesionalGlucantime[Once a week], for the same period as group 1. After 6 weeks, complete cure rate in group 2 [89.5%] was significantly more than group 1 [70.4%][P < 0.05]. Our results indicating of more efficacy of the triple therapy is in accordance with the previous studies of combined cryotherapy and Paramomycin. It could be recommended as a better treatment modality for CL wherever possible