RESUMEN
Objective: To determine the prevalence and socio-economic disparity among victims with disabilities caused by RTAs in Iran as country with a high rate of accidents
Method: The source of data was the Iranian Multiple Indicator Demographic and Health Survey, a nationwide cross-sectional study. The sampling framework was based on the population and housing census for Iran in 2006. Provincial samples ranged from 400 to 6,400 households. The target sample was 3,096 clusters consisting of 2,187 urban and 909 rural clusters. In the present study, all but a few indicators are reported at provincial levels. Mortality indicators, accident and disability rates, low birth weight rate and young age at marriage rates are presented at the national level only. Logistic regression was performed to investigate the individual and family factors influencing RTAs that lead to disability in Iran
Results: The period prevalence [12 months] of road traffic accident disabilities [RTADs] in the total population of 111415 was 30.52 [95% CI: 21.13.41.64] per 100,000 individuals. Among those who had been injured during the year leading up to the study, the proportion of disabilities caused by RTAs was 31.67 [95% CI; 8.51.54.97] per 1000 pedestrians, 20.99 [95% CI: 13.37.30.75] per 1000 motorcyclists, 18.64 [95% CI: 7.71.29.57] per 1000 vehicle drivers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of RTADs differed significantly in relation to age [AOR 50-59 vs. 0-9=10. 78, p-value:0.05]; activity status [AOR unemployed vs. employed=4.72, p-value:0.001] and family income [AOR q2 vs. q1=0.37, p-value:0.048] of the victim
Conclusion: In addition to the risks associated with socio-economic groups, particularly vulnerable groups, RTADs have consequences which can lead to further marginalization of individuals, can affect their quality of life and damage the community as a whole
RESUMEN
The goal of this study was to examine the construct validity of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder-5 [DSM-5] conceptual model of antisocial and borderline personality disorders [PDs]. More specifically, the aim was to determine whether the DSM-5 five-factor structure of pathological personality trait domains replicated in an independently collected sample that differs culturally from the derivation sample. This study was on a sample of 346 individuals with antisocial [n = 122] and borderline PD [n = 130], and nonclinical subjects [n = 94]. Participants randomly selected from prisoners, out-patient, and in-patient clients. Participants were recruited from Tehran prisoners, and clinical psychology and psychiatry clinics of Razi and Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The SCID-II-PQ, SCID-II, DSM-5 Personality Trait Rating Form [Clinician's PTRF] were used to diagnosis of PD and to assessment of pathological traits. The data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis. Factor analysis revealed a 5-factor solution for DSM-5 personality traits. Results showed that DSM-5 has adequate construct validity in Iranian sample with antisocial and borderline PDs. Factors similar in number with the other studies, but different in the content. Exploratory factor analysis revealed five homogeneous components of antisocial and borderline PDs. That may represent personality, behavioral, and affective features central to the disorder. Furthermore, the present study helps understand the adequacy of DSM-5 dimensional approach to evaluation of personality pathology, specifically on Iranian sample