Study of blood pressure patterns versus serum lipid parameters in obese human subjects

A study was conducted to determine relationship of obesity with the blood pressure patterns and lipid parameters in preview of its unique local diet patterns. A total of 200 non-diabetic human subjects of either sex were included in the study. They were categorized on the basis of body mass index [BMI] as obese and non-obese. Each group was further divided into 2 subgroups; hypertensive and normotensive. Fasting lipid profile [total cholesterol, LDL-and HDL-Cholesterols and total triglycerides] in each group was determined to compare the levels among various groups. BMI was calculated from height and weight, while blood pressure was measured with a sphygmomanometer. Lipid profile was determined with Merck kits. Diet and related information was also collected from the patients directly. Means of all parameters, except LDL-C, were higher in females than males; among these BMI and HDL-C showed significant difference. There was a significant negative correlation of diastolic blood pressure with HDL-C in obese subjects; all the other parameters were non-significantly correlated. In the non-obese subjects, there was a significant positive correlation between systolic [SBP] and diastolic [DBP] blood pressures and LDL-C. All other parameters were found non-significantly correlated. The analysis of variance was done in four groups namely, obese non-hypertensives, obese hypertensives, non obese non-hypertensives and non obese hypertensives. BMI, SBP, DBP, LDL-C and total cholesterol had significantly different means in the above four groups, while HDL-C and total triglycerides were statistically non-significant [p>0.05] among four groups

Causes of azoospermia

We studied 50 male infertile patients, who were azoospermic on semen analyses. Most of these cases [60%] had untreatable lesions. Some hope of success is expected in spermatogenic maturational arrest, which constituted 26% of our cases. Duct obstruction which is considered favourable to surgical correction was encountered in only 12% of the patients. The other notable causes were primary testicular failure [18%] and sertoli cell [18%] syndrome

Causes of male infertility

We have studied 150 male patients presenting for infertility over a period of three years. After taking detailed history and through physical examination, required investigations were done. Unilateral or bilateral varicocele turned out to be the most common cause [27.3%] of infertility in these patients. Thirty one [20.7%] patients were infertile due to testicular failure. About 11% of the cases had inflammatory lesions. Four percent of the male infertile patients had ejaculatory duct obstruction while another 4% had congenital abnormalities. In a big population of these patients [27.3%] we were unable to determine any reason. The etiology of male infertility in our country is discussed with reference to similar studies from abroad

Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in eyes without IOLs

I studied 20 eyes of 18 Pakistani patients who had YAG laser capsulotomy for posterior capsule opacification following extracapsular cataract extraction without intraocular lens implantation. Fifteen [75%] eyes showed visual improvement by at least two Snellen lines, four [20%] had no change in visual acuity, and one [5%] further lost sight due to cystoid macular edema. Transient intraocular pressure elevation [4-15 mm Hg] following laser capsulotomy occurred in 12 [60%] of the eyes, anterior uveitis in 8 [40%], iris bleeding in 1 [5%], and ruptured anterior vitreous face in 9 [45%] eyes. The elevated intraocular pressure and uveitis permanently resolved either spontaneously or following a short course of appropriate treatment for each