RESUMEN
Background: Blunt abdominal trauma is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among patients encountering traumatic injuries, especially motor vehicle accidents, which are the leading cause of injury worldwide. Focused abdominal sonogram for trauma, computed tomography with or without contrast, and laparotomy are the most common ways of diagnosis and treatment. With advancement of diagnostic medicine, the physicians are making use of non-operative methods to achieve quick results quicker and with fewer complications
Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 2001, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: blunt abdominal injury, FAST scan, US in abdominal trauma, CT for abdominal trauma, trauma management
Aim: In this review, we aimed at evaluating the various methods of diagnosis using imaging for blunt abdominal trauma
Conclusion: The growing tendency of non-operative management necessitates early identification of the injury sites, which is aided by the increasing sophistication of the CT techniques. Additionally, CT also provides a very significant method for following up the patients and for detecting complications which were not diagnosed initially
RESUMEN
Background: defect of use of antibiotics is bothering pediatricians. This defect is participating in the prevalence of one of global health problem called antibiotic Resistance. Many articles are supporting the idea that use of antibiotics is positively related to antibiotic resistance and this problem is increasing and growing up. By the way, incorrect use of antibiotics has many factors that contribute on, like patient attitude and deficiency of education from the physician who prescribed the antibiotic. Also, patient's knowledge and practice with the antibiotic like self-prescription. What is patient expecting from antibiotic and previous experience with antibiotics? Parents are responsible to give medications to children. So, we need to increase parents' knowledge, attitude and practice [KAP] toward antibiotics to reach new generation without antibiotic resistance. Regarding Saudi Arabia, antibiotic resistance already exists and the rate of resistance is increased in the last decade
Aim of the work: to assess how parents are aware of antibiotics those given to their children by evaluating knowledge, attitude, and practice of parents in Riyadh region, central Saudi Arabia
Methods: this is questionnaire based cross-sectional study. Authors were circulating on Riyadh Region to find volunteers to fill questionnaires among parents of children in public places by selecting parents of children up to 12 years old by choosing random samples from each place. The questionnaire has two parts: the first part, as usual, is containing demographic data. While the second part: is the part that is evaluating KAP of parents towards antibiotics. Then we compared the final results by Chi-Square test and p-values less than 0.05 was considered as significant value
Results: around 1058 parents volunteered to participate in this study [response rate was 88.16%] by mean age of 38. Around 89.6% used antibiotics for their children before. There are 9.5% of parents were believe that their children need antibiotics each time they get sick. More than 35% of our participants don't complete period of antibiotic use to their child as what is mentioned on prescription. About 82.3% believe that antibiotics can harm children. There are 41.7% of parents bought antibiotics to their children from the previous prescription. Around 61.1% don't know the term antibiotic resistance. There are 28.4% of participants could change their doctors if they don't prescribe antibiotics easily, while only 642[60.7%] could change their doctors if they prescribe antibiotics excessively. About 68.1% of participants believe that doctors prescribe antibiotics excessively. Nearly 49% have good KAP, 41% of participants have intermediate KAP and remaining 10% have poor KAP. Females are better than male in KAP, people with high degree education are better than other and parents who used antibiotics before are better than those who didn't [p-value < 0.05]
Conclusion: level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of people in Riyadh region is ranging between good to moderate, and tends to be good. We can expect antibiotics resistance to happen among new generation in Riyadh region. There is an unacceptable idea that is highly prevalent among parents that doctors excessively prescribe antibiotics. Moreover, mothers have better awareness than fathers. People with high degree level of education have better awareness than others
RESUMEN
Delonix elata [L.] Gamble [Fabaceae] is an important, traditionally used plant in Saudi Arabia. It is used to relieve rheumatic pain, flatulence and the seeds are employed as purgatives. The aim of the present study was to isolate chemical constituents of the n-butanol fraction [BF] of D. elata and to find out, by capillary electrophoresis [CE], percentage of rutin present in this BF. Three quercetin glycosides and one kaempferol rutinoside were isolated from the BF of aerial parts of D. elata; namely, Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-glucoside [1], Quercetin 3,7-diglucoside [2], Quercetin 3-0-rutinoside [RUT] [3] and Kaempferol 3-0-rutinoside [4]. Rutin, an active constituent has been reported to possess good pharmacological as well as therapeutic potentials. A sensitive and rapid procedure for quantitative determination of RUT by capillary electrophoresis was developed and its content was found to be 7.349 mg/gm, relative to n-butanol fraction and 18.373 mg%, relative to the dry powder of D. elata. The method could be recommended for approval and use in the pharmaceutical and food industries