Clinical Profile And Outcome Of Acute Kidney Injury Related To Pregnancy In A Tertiary Care Centre In Southern Tamilnadu

Acute kidney injury is a threatening complication of pregnancy causing serious maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality,common in developing countries.METHODS:A observational study was done between January 2018 to November 2018 to report the incidence,clinical spectrum and maternal&fetal outcome in AKI.RESULTS:Total number of patients 40,Mean age–25.3± 4.3 yrs.The incidence of AKI in pregnancy was 6%.Incidence of AKI most common in Postpartum period(80%),causes of AKI was Sepsis(40%),HELLP(20%),Postpartum hemorrhage (20%),Auptio placenta (15%),Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (5%).Among them 80% of patients having preeclampsia as common risk factor.Live births was 80%.Among total pregnancy related AKIs 14 patients were managed conservatively and 26 needed dialysis. recovered patients were (N=38) 95%,and mortality was (N=2)5%.CONCLUSION:AKI in pregnancy commonly occurred in Postpartum period and Sepsis is the most common etiology

Probiotic Lato Bacilli And Oral Health.

Probiotics may be defined as the ‘Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host’. Probiotics are being utilized to check the growth of caries promoting and periodontal pathogens in the oral cavity. This article describes the application of lactobacilli probiotics in oral health care and pedodontic practice.

Autoimmunity : Molecular Pathogenesis And Associated Oral Disease.

Autoimmunity can be defined as an immune response against self –antigens so called self-tolerance. The etiology is considered as multifactorial. Humoral or cellular immune mechanisms are responsible for various systemic and organ specific autoimmune diseases. Advances made in this field to know the immunopathology of autoimmune diseases affecting the oral tissues.

Endodontic treatment in primary molars with taurodontism.

Dental morphological traits are of particular importance in the study of phylogenetic relationships and population affinities. One of the most important abnormalities in tooth morphology is Taurodontism. Taurodontism can be defined as a change in tooth shape caused by the failure of Hertwig’s epithelial sheath diaphragm to invaginate at the proper horizontal level. An enlarged pulp chamber, apical displacement of the pulpal floor, and no constriction at the level of the cementoenamel junction are the characteristic features. Although permanent molar teeth are most commonly affected, this change is very rarely seen in primary dentition. Taurodontism has a very low incidence in primary dentition and very few cases have been reported in the literature. Endodontic treatment of a taurodont tooth is challenging, because it requires special care in handling and identifying the canal obliteration and configuration and the potential for additional root canal systems. This paper highlights a case report of taurodontism in primary molars of a five year old male child with endodontic treatment.

Comparative study of misoprostol vs dinoprostone for induction of labour.

Various methods of induction of labour may be associated with risk and complications. Therefore, this study has been undertaken to compare the safety and efficacy of intra-vaginal misoprostol (PGE1 analogue) with intra-cervical dinoprostone (PGE2) in progress and induction of labour, the maternal side effects and the foetal outcome. 40 pregnant women aged between 16-35 years with indication of induction of labour participated in the study. Twenty patients (control) were administered 0.5 mg dinoprostone intra-cervically, 12 hourly while 20 patients (study group) were given misoprostol 100 microg, 4 hourly, intravaginally. The mean induction of labour initiation interval was 2.08 +/- 1.46 hours in study group and 2.21 +/- 1.20 hours in dinoprostone group. The Induction delivery interval was 6.92 +/- 4.01 hours in misoprostol group and 12.54 +/- 7.73 in dinoprostone group, whereas vaginal route of delivery was 95% in misoprostol group and 85% in dinoprostone group. Average dosages required were 1.55 +/- 1.02 in misoprostol group and 1.30 +/- 0.46 in dinoprostone group. All these result were statistically significant. Very few maternal side effects were reported in study group. There was no significant difference in foetal out come in either group. Therefore, it can be concluded that misoprostol is easy to administer and is cheap, effective, safe and convenient drug for induction of labour.

Hepatoprotective activity of Ficus carica Linn. leaf extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

The methanol extract of the leaves of Ficus carica Linn. [Moraceae] was evaluated for hepatoprotective activity in rats with liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride. The extract at an oral dose of 500 mg/kg exhibited a significant protective effect by lowering the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total serum bilirubin, and malondialdehyde equivalent, an index of lipid peroxidation of the liver. These biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathological examination of liver sections. The activity of extract was also comparable to that of silymarin, a known hepatoprotective

Relative prevalence of hepatitis B viral markers and hepatitis C virus antibodies (anti HCV) in Madurai, south India.

(1) The positivity of HBsAg was 4% (75/1819) whereas anti HCV was present only in 0.75% (27/3574) of blood donors. (2) 5.3% (4/75) of hospital staff had HBsAg alone in their blood samples. One doctor, one Staff nurse, one Lascar and one Sanitary worker were positive for HBsAg. None of them were positive for anti HBcIgm and anti-HCV. (3) 29% (31/115) of suspected hepatitis cases were positive for any one of the viral markers or both. 21% (15/72) of males and 14% (6/43) of females were positive for HBsAg. Whereas only 4% (3/72) of males and 2% (1/43) of females were positive for anti HCW. Both HBsAg and anti HCV were found in 8% (6/72) of males only. The age group predominantly, i.e. in 29 out of 31 cases found positive for HBsAg and/or anti HCV, was above 15 years. Two remaining HBsAg positive cases belonged to the 5 to 14 years age group. 71% (84/115) of suspected hepatitis cases were negative for both HBsAg and anti HCV.

Serum magnesium: a prognostic tool of acute myocardial infarction.

In an attempt to find the prognostic value of serum magnesium in various complications, serum magnesium was estimated spectrophotometrically, in patients of acute myocardial infarction. There was a statistically insignificant difference in serum magnesium levels of complicated group of patients (1.627 +/- 0.192 mg/100 mL) and those who had uneventful recovery (1.412 +/- 0.132 mg/100 mL). However, this difference was highly significant when compared between control group (2.514 +/- 0.16 mg/100 mL) and complicated and uncomplicated cases separately. It was also observed that serum magnesium levels were lowest in patients who died due to major arrhythmias and cardiogenic shock followed by patients who had arrhythmias (especially ventricular tachycardia) and pump failure. The routine use of iv magnesium is recommended within first few hours of acute myocardial infarction to reduce mortality, arrhythmias and pump failure.

MHA-Tp testing on HIV positive and negative women in vigilance home at Madurai.

In the study group of 94 cases of female prostitutes and their children 55 cases showed positive for HIV infection by ELISA and Western Blot tests. They showed positive also for syphilis in 37 cases by VDRL and in 43 cases by MHA-Tp tests among HIV positive and negative women. The association of HIV infection and syphilis was observed in this study due to sexual transmission of these infections. But congenital spread from infected mother to their children was not observed in this study since both mothers and their children were negative for these infections. MHA-Tp testing confirmed VDRL test results in 27 cases and also increased specificity of MHA-Tp test result over VDRL result in 16 cases and exclusion of biological false positive by VDRL in 10 cases were noticed in this study.