RESUMEN
Development of cancer is a complex multi-step process involving mutation and selection for cells with progressively increasing capability for proliferation, survival, invasion and metastasis. Mutation and selection can be explained when represented as mathematical equations. The objective of this review is to discuss how a mathematical frame work is used to describe the process of cancer initiation and progression and provide a quantitative understanding of the dynamics of tumorigenesis with respect to mutation, selection, genetic instability and tissue architecture
Asunto(s)
Genes Supresores de Tumor , Modelos Teóricos , Pruebas de Carcinogenicidad , Mutación , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Inestabilidad GenómicaRESUMEN
In 15 patients, the acute parotid inflammatory and degenerative changes appearing shortly after irradiation were sonographically expressed as decreased echogenicity and haziness of the gland contour. In 13 patients, examined 3 years after irradiation, reduction in the gland size as well as diffuse coarse parenchymal pattern with linear areas of echogenicity were demonstrable. This reflects the underlying fibrosis and parenchymal atrophy. Sonography may therefore help in evaluating acute and chronic radiation-induced salivary gland damage
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Glándulas Salivales/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/radioterapia , Radioterapia/efectos adversos , Traumatismos por Radiación , Glándula Parótida/efectos de la radiaciónRESUMEN
Salmonella infections in children occur mainly as gastroenteritis which is a self limiting disease. Typhoid is the next common form; where antiiotics are warranted. Rarely; localised infections can occur especially in the younger age groups. The patient in this case had salmonella meningitis which is a rare form of salmonella infection with a bad prognosis