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Background@#Styrene is one of the aromatic compounds used in acetonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) producing petrochemicals, which has an impact on health of workers. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the health risks of styrene emitted from the petrochemical industry in Iran. @*Methods@#Air samples were collected based on NIOSH 1501 method. The samples were analyzed by the Varian-cp3800 gas chromatograph. Finally, risk levels of styrene's health effects on employees were assessed by the quantitative method of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and the semiquantitative way by the Singapore Occupational Safety and Health Association. @*Results@#Based on the results, the employees had the highest average exposure to styrene vapors (4.06x10-1 mg.(kg - day)-1) in the polybutadiene latex (PBL) unit. Therefore, the most top predictors of cancer and non-cancer risk were 2.3x10-4 and 7.26x10-1, respectively. Given that the lowest average exposure (1.5x10-2mg.(kg - day)-1) was in the dryer unit, the prediction showed a moderate risk of cancer (0.8x10-6) and non-cancer (2.3x10-3) for the employees. The EPA method also predicted that there would be a definite cancer risk in 16% and a probable risk in 76% of exposures. However, according to the semiquantitative approach, the rate of risk was at the “low” level for all staff. The results showed that there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the units in exposure and health risk of styrene (p < 0.05). @*Conclusion@#Given the high risk of styrene's health effects, appropriate control measures are required to reduce the exposure level.
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Background@#Styrene is one of the aromatic compounds used in acetonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) producing petrochemicals, which has an impact on health of workers. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the health risks of styrene emitted from the petrochemical industry in Iran. @*Methods@#Air samples were collected based on NIOSH 1501 method. The samples were analyzed by the Varian-cp3800 gas chromatograph. Finally, risk levels of styrene's health effects on employees were assessed by the quantitative method of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and the semiquantitative way by the Singapore Occupational Safety and Health Association. @*Results@#Based on the results, the employees had the highest average exposure to styrene vapors (4.06x10-1 mg.(kg - day)-1) in the polybutadiene latex (PBL) unit. Therefore, the most top predictors of cancer and non-cancer risk were 2.3x10-4 and 7.26x10-1, respectively. Given that the lowest average exposure (1.5x10-2mg.(kg - day)-1) was in the dryer unit, the prediction showed a moderate risk of cancer (0.8x10-6) and non-cancer (2.3x10-3) for the employees. The EPA method also predicted that there would be a definite cancer risk in 16% and a probable risk in 76% of exposures. However, according to the semiquantitative approach, the rate of risk was at the “low” level for all staff. The results showed that there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the units in exposure and health risk of styrene (p < 0.05). @*Conclusion@#Given the high risk of styrene's health effects, appropriate control measures are required to reduce the exposure level.
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The National Spinal Cord Injury Registry of Iran (NSCIR-IR) is a not-for-profit, hospital-based, and prospective observational registry that appraises the quality of care, long-term outcomes and the personal and psychological burden of traumatic spinal cord injury in Iran. Benchmarking validity in every registry includes rigorous attention to data quality. Data quality assurance is essential for any registry to make sure that correct patients are being enrolled and that the data being collected are valid. We reviewed strengths and weaknesses of the NSCIR-IR while considering the methodological guidelines and recommendations for efficient and rational governance of patient registries. In summary, the steering committee, funded and maintained by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran, the international collaborations, continued staff training, suitable data quality, and the ethical approval are considered to be the strengths of the registry, while limited human and financial resources, poor interoperability with other health systems, and time-consuming processes are among its main weaknesses.
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD] was one of prevalent problems in general population. It was the most common cause of abnormal liver function tests and may lead to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. The role of many factors has been known in NAFLD. In this study, we investigated the correlation of serum magnesium level and NAFLD after minimizing the role of major confounding factors. This was a cross-sectional study in the referral patients to the internal medicine clinic. We grouped study patients in two; patients with and without NAFLD. Then, serum level of magnesium was measured, and its relation was studied between both groups. Within patients enrolled into study, 55 had NAFLD, and 33 were without NAFLD. Both groups were matched for main confounding factors, including: gender, diabetes and metabolic syndrome [p>0.05]. Mean serum magnesium level was 2.26 +/- 0.35, 2.25 +/- 0.39 and 2.08 +/- 0.41 in patients without NAFLD, grade one and two NAFLD, respectively [p=0.06].However it was shown that with each unit increase in serum level of magnesium, risk of fatty liver disease would decrease 50 percent. [OR=0.516, CI=95%, 0.147-1.806]. In the current study, we evaluated the relation between serum magnesium level and NAFLD. We showed that patients with a lower serum level of magnesium have 50% more chance to get NAFLD, and it is correlated with higher degrees of fatty liver disease
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Humanos , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico , Estudios TransversalesRESUMEN
Background: Nowadays atherosclerosis phenomenon is considered as an inflammatory phenomenon. Not only CRP is a response to the acute phase but also it is sign of atherosclerosis
Methods: In this analytic study 454 volunteer patients for coronary artery bypass graft[CABG]operation have been observed. Before being admitted to the hospital they have gone through CRP test based on mg/dl. Then All of the patients have been under CABG operation by on pump method. The surgeon, method of operation; anesthesia and treatment in ICU were the same for all of the patients. After the operation, the patients files were used to get some information regarding death, the use of balloon pump, the use of inotrop at the end of operation, ICU stay, pump time, aortic clump time and other parameters. The statistics considering any relationship between these factors and pre operation CRP level and death were analyzed. The patients have no sign of pre operation infection, inflammation and documented malignancy
Results: For analysis correlation between pre operation CRP level and study parameters person and zero test was done. From the statistical point of view the correlation between addition of death, New York Heart Association [NYHA] class ,pre operation MI and diabet, addition of post operation neurologic complication, pre operation EF, the use of balloon pump, addition of pump time, aortic clump time to addition of CRP level have been considered. No significant relationship was seen. But in old patients, women and somebody that had length ICU stay or uses inotrop at the end of operation CRP was high
Conclusion: The level of pre operation CRP can be a good statical predictor for ICU stay, urgency, using Inotrop at the end of operation. But no significant correlation was observed between death, pre operation EF, MI and diabet to pre operation CRP
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A 67-year-old man presented with symptoms of typical chest pain. An electrocardiogram [EKG] showed ST elevation at the inferior leads and ST depression at the anterior leads. His blood pressure was 80/50 mmHg with a pulse rate of 100 beats/min. The glycoprotein Ilb/IHa inhibitor [eptifibatide] was administrated and a primary percutaneous coronary intervention PCI was done. Despite the restoration of TIMI grade 3/3 flow, the patient's blood pressure dropped and pulmonary edema occurred. On the second day following PCI, the hemoglobin level started to drop. While working up the case, the patient suddenly complained of dyspnea and had a bloody foamy discharge from his mouth. Due to severe hypoxemia orotracheal intubation was carried out. A chest x-ray revealed an alveolar hemorrhage. Treatment with high dose hydrocortisone was started and the patient went on mechanical ventilation for seven days. Following extubation, the patient was put under close observation for five days and then discharged from hospital without any complications. During a 3 month follow-up, he has remained symptom free