[ effects of health education on students' knowledge and attitude about prevention of new-born diseases in Islamic Azad university of Arak]

Introduction and Aims: the study examined the effect of health education on students' awareness, attitudes and sense of danger about the prevention of new-born diseases

Methods: this is a quasi-experimental study that carried out among 160 students about AIDS and 156 students [from 18000 students] about hepatitis B and C through a multi-stage sampling procedure. Instrument for data gathering was a self-designed questionnaire on the basis of the goals of the study. Content validity was confirmed by expert group and reliability had been measured by Cornbrash's alpha of about 80%. Questionnaire with 40 questions that once before training and once after training were distributed among students. The obtained data was analyzed by spss16 software and MC Nemar and Wilcoxon test

Results: results showed that in this study mean of high risk behavior about new-born diseases is 14.5+/-4.2 with maximum33 and minimum 2. There was a significant difference between students' knowledge and attitudes about the prevention of AIDS before and after training [P<0.001]. In this way the knowledge about transmission in crowded places between step capture [before and after] was not significantly different [P =0.12]. There was a significant difference between attitudes and feelings of students at risk for disease prevention of hepatitis B and hepatitis C before and after training [P<0.001]

Conclusion: with attention to the impact of education on preventing cases of new-born diseases in students and young people, establishing culture with continuous use of the training process is required which can fill the gap between health information and health practices

[ epidemiology of gastrointestinal cancers [Stomach, esophageal, colorectal] In Markazi province during 2005-2010]

Introduction and Aims: cancer is the third leading cause of death after Coronary Artery Disease and accidents in Iran. This Research has been carried out to Study the epidemiology of gastrointestinal cancers [Stomach, esophageal, colorectal] in Markazi province during 2005-2010

Methods: this is an analytical cross-sectional study that was carried out on cancer registry data collected from Markazi province between 2005-2010 years. Cancer incidence adjusted based on the age structure and agespecific incidence rates were calculated

Results: most statistics on the Morbidity of gastric cancers in the study was 642 patients [51.2] that associated with gastric cancer and after which the CRC 444[35.4%] patients and esophageal numbers of 169 [13.5%] patients. in this study 61.8 % [801 patients] of cases in the age group 80-70 years, male, 387 cases [30.8%] and the highest 77.1% living in urban areas has been observed in terms of location. mean age at estimated time of diagnosis was 69 years. Rates age standardized incidence of digestive cancers in males and female was 141.04 and 73.39 respectively

Conclusion: identification of risk factors and prevention of gastrointestinal cancers in Markazi province is required. Training programs related to the prevention of cancer in people at high risk should be presented

[Epidemiology of prostate cancer in Markazi province in 2005-2010]

Background and Aims: prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men, that is increasing in incidence and mortality. Considering the epidemiologic trend of prostate cancer, the aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of prostate cancer in the years 2005-2010 in Markazi Province

Methods: in this analytical study, which data was derived from the Cancer Registry of Markazi Province, crude incidence per 100 thousand persons and age-standardized incidence in the method of direct standardization using the world standard population were calculated. Data Analysis was conducted using the Cochran-Armitage and winpepi software version 2.1

Results: in this study among 182 patients with prostate cancer in 2005-2010, 144 patients [%79] inhabited in city and others in rural. Regarding age, 16 persons [%8.8] were between 50-60 and majority 84[%46] were 70-80 years old. In the 6- year study, 182 cases of prostate cancer were recorded. Age-standardized incidence rate during the years 2005 to 2010 was respectively: 3.24, 3, 3.44, 5.05, 5.75, and 5.61 cases per hundred thousand people which show an increase in the disease. The highest observed incidence in the age group was above 70

Conclusion: the standardized incidence rate of prostate cancer in Markazi province in comparison with the world, particularly developed countries, is much less that can be due to lack of screening programs or the incomplete records

[ study on the thoughts and viewpoints of people in different professions about solid waste comprehensive management in developing appropriate educational methods]

Background and Aims: nowadays, solid waste management is one of the major concerns among the human societies. The aim of this study was to assess the viewpoint of people in different professions about waste management in developing educational methods

Methods: this is an analytical study that was carried out on 275 workers and 667 staff in offices of Arak city in 2012. Data was collected by questionnaire including knowledge, attitude, practice and appropriate source of education for waste management. Finally, data was analyzed by statistical chi-square and T- test

Results: the mean of awareness among workers and offices was 4.5+/- 2.1 and 6.7+/- 1.9 respectively with a significant difference [p=0.041]. Moreover the mean in attitude was 18+/- 5.6 and 26.12+/- 7.1 respectively that was with a significant difference [p=0.025]. There was a significant relationship between level of awareness, job and level of education [p<0.05]. 39% of workers had said that television and radio were the most influential sources in educating waste management

Conclusion: according to the low awareness of different professions and considerable waste volume, fundamental and technical modifications in waste managements are necessary

[Social factors contributing to violence against women by their partners in Shahid Fayazbakhsh hospital in 2012]

Introduction and Aims: violence against women is a social problem that negatively affects other health priorities, such as maternal and child health and mental health. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of abuse and social factors affecting women who admitted to Shahid Fayazbakhsh Hospital in 2012

Materials and Methods: in this cross-sectional study that was carried out on 100 women who referred to Shahid Fayazbakhsh Hospital of Tehran in 2012, gathered data with questionnaire and interview, finally was analyzed by SPSS software

Results: the most common forms of abuse were verbal abuse, emotional, physical and social. Violence against women was much in older [P=0.01]. There was not significant relationship between education and violence [P=0.182, r=0.10]. The number of children and levels of violence in the family have not a significant correlation [P=0.524]. A significant relationship between income and violence against women was observed [P=0.003]

Conclusion: the results showed that many of women in this study were influenced by a variety of misconduct. With respect to factors that influence this problem seems increasing awareness and life skills training to women and girls to repel the couple abuse, can take steps to reduce this problem

Knowledge, Attitude and practice of students of medical and none medical sciences about self-medication in Lorestan in 2013

Introduction and Aims: Self-medication is one of the most health social problem specially more important in student illustration behavior for society. The purpose of this study was to determine knowledge, attitude and practice about self-medication in student of medical and non medical science in lorestan

Methods: This is an analytical and cross-sectional study that carried out on 600 student of medical and none medical in lorestan university in 2013. Sample procedure was systematic random. Data collecting with questionnaire including knowledge, attitude and the checklist of practice health worker about self-medication. For analyzing the data we used the analysis of Variance¡ Pearson Correlation and considering significant values of P<0/05

Results: The mean age of student of medical and none medical was 22.9+/- 2.2 and 21.2+/-2.4 years respectively and don't significant difference observed [P=0.151]. The mean knowledge was 84.8+/-15.4 and 61.5 +/-14.2 respectively and significant observed [P=0.001]. The mean attitude 69.8+/-14.3 and 65.3+/-13.2 respectively and no significant observed [P=0.365]. The mean performance of the medical and non-medical students about self-medication was 86.1+/-15.6 and 68.3+/- 13.1 respectively, which was higher score in medical student and significant difference [p=0.001]

Conclusion: The prevalence of self-medication among the student was very high beside high level of knowledge and attitude therefore a necessarily a program for changing the habits of subject to refer to physician when illness

[Knowledge, attitude and practice about self-medication among mothers in Arak, Iran]

To determine the knowledge, attitude and practice about self-medication among mothers in Arak, Iran. This was a cross-sectional study that was carried out with random sampling on 300 mothers referring to health centers in Arak. The data was collected by a questionnaire and a checklist. For analyzing the data we used the chi-square test' analysis of variance' Pearson correlation and considering significant values of P<0.05. The mean age of mothers was 34.5 +/- 6.6 years and 61.2% of mothers had poor knowledge '28.6% average and 10.2% had good knowledge about correct consumption of drugs. In this study 15.2% of mothers had poor attitude ' 48.5% moderate and 36.3% had positive attitude about self medication. In this study the prevalence of self-medication in mothers was 56.5%. There was a significant relationship between knowledge and practice about self medication [P<0.01]. Self-medication was more common in women having more knowledge than the others. More self-medication was seen among mother with a job and higher education level. The prevalence of self-medication among the mothers was very high and necessarily there should be a program for changing the attitude and the habits of mothers to refer to physician when they are ill

[Knowledge, attitude and practice about walking among woman by type 2 diabetics]

Diabetes is one of the spread diseases that if uncontrolled it wills much complication. The need aside regimen diet correct and consumer drug doing exercise activity is third base cure and control diabetes. The purpose of this study is determining knowledge¡ attitude and practice woman by type 2 diabetes about doing walk. This is a cross-sectional study that carried out on 88 women with diabetics in institute Isfahan in years 2007. Data were collection with direct interview by using a researcher making questionnaire and checklist. Rate walking for shopping, exercise walking in leisure time et al on base minute and consider severity [light, intermediate and heavy] determine in a week and test Fasting Blood Sugar [FBS] and hemoglobin glycoside [HbA1c] patient determine by a unit laboratory. Finally data were analyzed by SPSS software and P<0.005 is level significant. Number of patient is 88 person by average 44.5 +/- 4.3 years and weight 69.3 +/- 6.2 [kg]. Rate knowledge 51.1% of patient about correct and effective walking on well-being diabetes is poor, 38/6% intermediate and 10.3% good. Of aspect attitude about walking 54.5% intermediate, 28.4% good and 16.8% poor. 68.2% of patient practice is poor 21.6% intermediate and lonely 10.2% of patient has a good practice. Mean day that patient walking in 2 +/- 1 days and rate minute spend for walking in a week is 96.21 minutes that 78/4% +/- 10/9 this amount is a walking by severity light that don't effect cure disease. Mean rate FBS patient is 181.4 +/- 45.3 mg/dl and hemoglobin glycoside [HbA1c] patient is 9.52% +/- 0/76 percent. There was significant different between knowledge and attitude [P<0.001] and between knowledge about correct walking attitude and practice walking increase. Between FBS and HbA1c by r=58 and P<0.01 different significant. By increase knowledge patient ¡ attitude and practice their about walking better that important to prevention complication disease. Minutes that spend walking by severity intermediate and heavy that effective to expenditure energy and finally low weight and fat and control diabetic increase prepare physical that effective on HbA1c in woman by diabetic in our countries is very low. There for must education program patient for doing walking and other exercise in leisure time for control diabetes

[Prevalence of spouse abuse and some affecting factors among women in Arak]

Violence against women is one of the social difficulties all over the world that has negative effects on other health prioritization such as mothers health, family planning and mental health. The purpose of this study was determining of the prevalence rate of spouse abuse and some affecting factors among women in Arak city. An analytical and cross-sectional research was carried out on 1037 women in Arak city. Data was collected using a questionnaire include demographic information of men and women, type of violence such as; physical, emotional, verbal, economical and affected factors. Data was analyzed using statistical ANOVA and Chi-square test and SPSS software. The findings showed that the most common types of abuses were: emotional [64.6%], verbal [57.1%], economical [32/3%] and physical [26.8%]. A significant correlation was found between violence and educational level, type of currier, income level, mental disorders, addiction and number of Children [p<0.05]. The study showed that family consultation and improving knowledge and educational level is necessary for women and girls before marriage in order to promote women's health and decrease these problems

[Influence of walking training on haemoglobin glucosile and fasting blood sugar levels in women with type 2 diabetes]

Physical activities are as one of the basic element for curing diabetes. Walking can be considered as one of the physical activities, which it doesn't need any special equipments and can be part of daily life of those have diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this research was to examine the effects of walking training on haemoglobin glucosile and fasting blood sugar levels in women with type 2 diabetes. This quasi-experimental interventional study was carried out on 88 women who suffered from type 2 diabetes. The data was collected using a questionnaire including demographic information, performance regarding the appropriate or correct walking and also a checklist about the amount of walking and also levels of fasting blood sugar [FBS] and hemoglobin glycosides [HbA1c] of the patients. The data was collected prior to starting interfering training. Then the interfering training was applied for the intervention group in 4 educational sessions and each one for 60 minutes during one month. Three months following the training. The data and levels of FBS and HbA1c were again collected and measured from the patients. Before training, the intervention and control groups scores of cooest walking performance was less than average and the most part of their walking was a type of light walking [%77.86 and%74.4 in intervention and control groups, respectively]. In addition, the levels of FBS and HbA1c in the patient were higher than the normal levels. Following the intervention, mean of correct walking performance and also the times spent on walking with average and heavy extents were significantly increased in the intervention group as compared with control one [P<0.0001]. Moreover, levels of FBS and HbA1c of the intervention group were significantly reduced as compared with the control group [P<0.0001]. Our findings indicate that walking education is an important method for control of FBS and HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes