adverse effects of the methoxsalen and ultraviolent A radiation on spermatogenesis in mice

Different investigation showed that 5-methoxypsoralen and 8- methoxypsoralen reduce birth rates in the rats. In this study we worked out the effect of methoxsalen together with ultraviolent A [UVA] radiation on mature Balb/C mice spermatogenesis. The LD50 standard was determined 160 mg/kg and the UVA dose which causes erythema was calculated 0.046 J/cm2. A sub-lethal dose of 80 mg/kg of methoxsalen solution was injected intrapritoneally to mature mice and after one hour they were exposed to UVA radiation for 20 minutes. Experiments applied included methoxsalen alone, methoxsalen with UVA, UVA alone, sham group [a group received Tween 80], and control group [N=6]. In all experimental groups except UVA alone group, injections were carried out, during two consecutive weeks. Serial cross sections [5 [micro]m thickness] were prepared for morphological and histological studies. Tunica albuginea diameter, and number of type A and type B spermatogonia and histological investigation of the testes were measured. Microscopical and statistical analyses showed significant anomalies among the experimental groups compared to control and sham group. These anomalies included decrease the body weight; increase the relative testis weight; and decrease the number of spermapogonia [type A and B], primary spermatocytes, spermatids and sperms in experimental groups I and II compared to control group. Our results showed the number of spermatozoa in experimental group I was 22.6 +/- 2.12, in experimental group II was 33.6 +/- 2.05 and in control group was 44.3 +/- 2.77 [p<0.05]. Moreover in some experimental groups [I and II] shrinkage of seminiferous tubules and release of primary spermatocyte and spermatids were observed to the lumen of them. It is concluded from the results of this work that treatment with methoxsalen with UVA can damage and disorganize seminiferous tubules and decrease spermatogenic cells

adverse effects of methoxsalen on the oogenesis of Balb/C mice

Methoxsalen is a natural photoactive compound which is found in many seed plants. A number of epidermal proliferative disorders can be treated by methoxsalen along with long wave ultraviolet A [UVA]. In an experimental study, we aimed to demonstrate the effect of methoxsalen, UVA and their combination on oogenesis Balb/C mice. There were two experimental groups and a control group. The experimental groups were composed of i. a short term group with treatment duration of 15 days and ii. a long term group with treatment duration of 5 weeks. Both the long term and short term experimental groups were further subdivided into a UVA group, a methoxsalen group and a methoxsalen plus UVA group. After treatment, mature females in prosterus phase of ovarian cycle were scarified with ether, while their ovaries were removed and prepared for histological studies. Both macro and microscopic studies showed significant anomalies [p<0.05] among experimental group ovaries as compared to control group. The obtained results showed a significant decrease in the following factors: number and diameter of corpus lutei, Graafian follicles, diameter of granulosa cell layer and oocytes, number of primordial primary and growing follicles, while we observed an increase in number of atretic follicle. Furthermore, our findings confirmed an increase in theca diameter only through UVA treatment. Methoxsalen also reduced circulating estrogen levels in blood serum, significantly. Other cases of teratogenecity, such as follicles with three oocytes and disorganization in corpus luteum cells were observed. The result suggests that UVA, methoxsalen and their combination cause health problems and cell injuries

[Study of the antioxidant effects of total and flavonoiods extracts of Cuscuta lehmanniana Bunge against on PC12 cells in vitro diabetic model]

Central and peripheral neuropathies are the most common side effects of Diabetes Mellitus [DM]. The exact mechanisms of diabetic neurotoxicity are still unknown. Recently oxidative stress is introduced as one of the factors for diabetics' neuropathies. Antioxidants also used as therapeutic agents to reduce the side effects of diabetes. In the present research the antioxidant effects of total and flavonoid extracts of Cusseta lehmaniana Bunge on high glucose inducted Pc12 were studied. PC12 cell line treated with high glucose was used. Total and flavonoid extract of C. lehmaniana Bungs were prepared. PC12 cells treated with 6X fold high glucose concentration exposed to extracts. Antioxidant activity of extracts, cell viability and apoptosis were studied by DPPH, MTT, Annexin staining and Western Blotting respectively. The MTT result showed 50æg/ml of flavonoid extract and 100æg/ml of total C. lehmaniana Bungs extract increased cell viability after 3 hours pretreatment. DPPH assay demonstrated 50 æg/ml flavonoid extract can increased radical scavenging inhibits compare with ascorbic acid. Several assays were used for evaluated of anti apoptotic effect such as: Annexin, SubG1and Western blotting for expression of Bax protein. Based on our findings, it is concluded that both total and flavonoid extract of C. lehmaniana Bungs have the potential to protect PC12 cells against glucose neurotoxicity by reducing apoptosis via increased Bax expression protein