Quality assessment of milk in Alexandria

The nutrient value, the chemical, and the microbiological quality of packaged, raw and powder milk samples were assessed. Data were obtained for fat, solid not fat, protein, and calcium contents of milk. Ash percentage, lead, and cadmium concentrations, in addition to possible microbial contamination were also determined. Results showed compliance of long life sterilized packaged milk with Egyptian standards for most of samples, especially in fat and solid not fat contents. These ranged from 3.1 0-3.80% and 8.24-9.07%, respectively. Lead content ranged from 0.03-0.55 ppm in liquid milk whereas cadmium ranged from 0.002-0.03 ppm. Protein and calcium contents varied [insignificantly and significantly, respectively] among different milk producing companies. Many [76.00%] had total bacterial count in milk higher than Egyptian Standards [<10 cfu/ml]. Buffalo raw milk, and milk powder were complying with Egyptian Standards concerning their nutrient values, however the former had high total bacterial count [4.97x10[6] cfu/ml] in addition Staphylococcus aureus was detected

Effect of hydration on geriatric patient submitted to orthopedic surgery

Background: The aim of this present study was to evaluate the effect of perioperative hydration on morbidity and mortality among geriatric patients submitted to orthopedic operations

Methods: The study was carried out on geriatric patients subjected to orthopedic surgery in Mansoura University Emergency Hospital. It included two groups: a retrospective group and a prospective one. The retrospective group patients were considered as the control group. It included 310 patients who represent geriatric patients subjected to orthopedic surgery at Mansoura University Emergency Hospital during the last three years. Patients data obtained from the file records were collected. The Prospective group included 100 patients representing geriatric surgical orthopedic patients in the last six months. At the time of admission to the orthopedic department, they were clinically examined, laboratory investigations were done and received i.v. fluids till the time of the operation. Postoperatively and for three days, they were subjected to fluid regimen in the form of 500 ml of Ringers lactate every 12 hours and 500 ml of 5% glucose every 12 hours during the first day. During the second day, 500 ml of Ringer s lactate every 12 hours and 500 ml of 5% glucose every 24 hours. In the third day, they received 500 ml of Ringers lactate every 24 hours and 500 ml of 5% glucose every 24 hours. They were followed clinically by heart rate, arterial blood pressure and amount of urine output every 6 hours and laboratory by serum creatinine and arterial blood gases after 72 hours. Morbidity and mortality among this group were record-ed and, together with the data as those of retrospective group patients. compared statistically to the retrospective group

Results: our study showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups as regards hospital stay and morbidity while mortality in prospective group showed zero incidence compared to [5.8%] incidence in retrospective group patients. Prospective group patients postoperative heart rate were, although within normal, significantly decreased when compared to the basal while their mean arterial blood pressure showed no statistically significant change a part from at the sixth and twelfth hours where significant reduction was noticed. Seventy-two hours postoperative serum creatinine in Prospective group patients was significantly reduced compared to the basal value while serum electrolytes showed no statistically significant change. Seventy-two hours postoperative ABG in Prospective group patients showed no statistically significant change in PaCO2, PH and HCO3 levels while PaO2 and SaO2 were significantly increased when compared to the basal value

Conclusion: From our study we concluded that perioperative hydration of geriatric orthopedic patients reduces mortality among those patients

role of chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and lnterleukin-8 in asthma exacerbation

Asthma is one of the most chronic and potentially disabling diseases in childhood and young adulthood. So, the aim of the present work was to study the role of atypical bacteria [M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae] and the chemokine IL-8 in the pathogenesis of asthma exacerbation. One hundred and twenty persons equally distributed into four groups were included in this study. Group I were patients with asthma exacerbation, group II were those with mild to moderate asthma, and group III were non-asthmatic patients clinically diagnosed as having lower respiratory tract infection. Serum samples from patients in the three groups were tested to detect M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae IgM antibodies and the chemokine IL-8 by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The fourth group included non-asthmatic healthy subjects representing the control group for the assay of IL-8 level. The results of the study showed that patients with asthma exacerbation had the highest percentage for M. pneumoniae IgM antibodies [43.3%] and C. pneumonia IgM antibodies [50%]. The same group had a significantly higher mean antibody level for both organisms. The highest percentage of being positive for either mycoplasma or chlamydia infection [53.3%] was seen among the asthma exacerbation group. In patients with asthma exacerbation and mild to moderate asthma, 20% were seropositive for both chlamydia and mycoplasma while only one [3.3%] patient in group III was positive for both. The difference among the studied groups was statistically significant. The asthma exacerbation group had significantly the highest mean for IL-8 level suggesting that it may have a role in the inflammatory process. It can be concluded that atypical bacteria are possible contributors to asthma exacerbations, deserving careful consideration in management of such patients

Relationship of helicobacter pylori infection with different digestive system malignant tumors

Studies have shown a close association between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer while its relationship with other digestive system tumors has not been clarified. This study evaluated whether H. pylori infection affected risk for different digestive system malignancies. Sera were tested for lgG antibodies against H. pylori using quantitative enzyme immunoassay in 222 subjects: 82 patients with digestive system malignancies including gastroduodenal, pancreatic, hepatic, and colorectal carcinomas, 82 healthy controls, and 58 patients with other malignancies [cancer controls]. H. pylori infection was noted in 58.8% of healthy controls, 73.2% of patients with digestive cancer and 82.8% of cancer controls. H. pylori infection imposed 2.8 folds increased risk for colorectal carcinoma. H. pylori infection was associated with increased but non-significant risk for developing genitourinary, bone, and breast cancers. Thus large-scale epidemiological studies to confirm the association and the possible causative role of H. pylori infection in the etiopathogenesis of various digestive and non-digestive system cancers are needed to help to develop preventive measures and appropriate interventions