Extract of Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt protects ovarian follicle reserve of mice against in vitro deleterious effects of dexamethasone

The present study aims to investigate if Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt extract (CIMI) reduces deleterious effects of dexamethasone (DEXA) in ovaries cultured in vitro. Mouse ovaries were collected and cultured in DMEM+ only or supplemented with 5 ng/mL of CIMI, or 4 ng/mL DEXA, or both CIMI and DEXA. The ovaries were cultured at 37.5°C in 5% CO2 for 6 days. Ovarian morphology, follicular ultrastructure, and the levels of mRNA for Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 were evaluated. The results showed that DEXA reduced the percentage of morphologically normal follicles, while CIMI prevented the deleterious effects caused by DEXA. In addition, DEXA negatively affected the stromal cellular density, while CIMI prevented these adverse effects. Ovaries cultured with DEXA and CIMI showed similar levels of mRNA for Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 compared to those cultured in control medium, while ovaries cultured with DEXA had increased expression of the above genes. Additionally, the ultrastructure of the ovaries cultured with CIMI was well preserved. Thus, the extract of CIMI was able to prevent the deleterious effects caused by DEXA on cultured mouse ovaries.

Efeito do índice de massa corpórea na gravidade da asma e na reatividade brônquica induzida pelo exercício em crianças asmáticas com sobrepeso e obesas / Effect of body mass index on asthma severity and exercise-induced bronchial reactivity in overweight and obese asthmatic children

OBJETIVO: Analisar a relação entre o grau de obesidade ou sobrepeso medido pelo índice de massa corpórea (IMC) de crianças e adolescentes asmáticos com a gravidade clínica e funcional da doença e com a intensidade do broncoespasmo induzido pelo exercício (BIE). MÉTODOS: 20 pacientes com idade entre seis e 18 anos, asma persistente e sobrepeso ou obesidade foram submetidos ao teste padronizado com exercício em bicicleta ergométrica e avaliação seriada dos parâmetros espirométricos, realizada aos 3, 6, 10, 15, 20 e 30 minutos após o exercício. BIE foi definido como a queda do volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1) >10 por cento e/ou do fluxo médio expiratório forçado medido entre 25 e 75 por cento da capacidade vital forçada (FEF25-75 por cento) >26 por cento em relação aos valores pré-teste. Foram avaliadas as freqüências de positividade do teste e as maiores quedas de VEF1 e FEF25-75 por cento após o término do exercício. RESULTADOS: A gravidade clínica da asma foi considerada leve, moderada e grave em dez, cinco e cinco pacientes, respectivamente. Houve BIE em 50 por cento dos pacientes testados. Não houve correlação significativa entre os seguintes parâmetros confrontados: valores de IMC e valores basais do VEF1 e FEF25-75 por cento percentuais em relação ao previsto; valores do IMC e as maiores quedas do VEF1 e do FEF25-75 por cento em relação aos valores basais; valores do IMC e gravidade da asma. A melhor correlação ocorreu entre o IMC e as maiores quedas do FEF25-75 por cento em relação ao basal. CONCLUSÕES: O IMC não teve influência no grau de hiperresponsividade brônquica induzida pelo exercício em crianças asmáticas com sobrepeso e obesas e na gravidade da obstrução basal medida pelo VEF1 e FEF25-75 por cento.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between the degree of obesity or overweight measured by the body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents with asthma and the clinical and functional severity of the disease and the intensity of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB). METHODS: 20 patients (age range: 6-18 years) with persistent asthma, with overweight or obesity, were submitted to a standardized exercise test on an ergometric bicycle, followed by serial evaluations of spirometric parameters performed at 3, 6, 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes after the exercise. EIB was defined as a decrease in FEV1>10 percent and/or FEF25-75 percent >26 percent when compared to pre-test values. The positivity of the test was evaluated as the highest decreases in FEV1 and FEF25-75 percent after the end of the exercise. RESULTS: Asthma severity was considered mild, moderate and severe in ten, five and five patients, respectively. EIB was observed in 50 percent of the studied children. There was no significant correlation among the following parameters: BMI and basal FEV1 and FEF25-75 percent in relation to the predicted value; BMI and the highest decrease in FEV1 and FEF25-75 percent in relation to the basal levels; BMI and asthma severity. The best correlation was obtained between BMI and the highest decreases in FEF25-75 percent in relation to basal levels. CONCLUSIONS: The BMI did not influence the degree of exercise-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness in overweight and obese children and adolescents with asthma as well as the degree of basal obstruction measured by FEV1 and FEF25-75 percent.

Triatoma infestans in Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina

The Health Administration Agencies of many municipalities in Greater Buenos Aires (GBA) receive frequent reports on triatomines in houses. The aim of this work was to identify and describe the dispersal foci of Triatoma infestans in an urban neighborhood of GBA, and contribute to the knowledge of the epidemiological situation in the region. In June 1998, potentially infested places were entomologically evaluated. T. infestans was only detected in a hen building for egg production, which housed approximately 6,000 birds. A total of 2,930 insects were collected. Density was about 9 triatomines/m². The proportions of fifth instar nymphs and adults were significantly higher than those of the other stages (p<0.001). The number of triatomines collected largely exceeded the highest domestic infestation found in one house from rural endemic areas of Argentina. Though triatomines were negative for Trypanosoma cruzi, they could acquire the parasite by coming in contact with infected people living in GBA. Besides, the numerous and widely distributed places housing hens and chickens, would favor the settlement of the vector. Together, both facts may constitute a risk of parasitic vectorial transmission. It is recommended to intensify systematic activities of vector search and case detection in GBA

Experimental murine schistosomiasis and thyroid function

In humans the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis may be associated with some degree of somatosexual underdevelopment. In the present study we induced an experimental hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis by infecting 21-day-old mice with the São Lourenço da Mata-PE strain of Schistosoma mansoni and evaluated thyroid function and its relationship with somatosexual development. Plasma levels of T3 and T4 were determined in 115-day old male albino Swiss mice by radioimmunoassay as a measure of thyroid function. Prepuberal infection with S. mansoni resulted in significant increases in liver (74) and spleen (138) weights, although there were no changes in animal growth or plasma T3 and T4 concentrations under the experimental conditions used. The present study demonstrates that prepuberal infection of mice with S. mansoni induces the development of a hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis during adult life with apparently normal thyroid function.