RESUMEN
Background: Chilean higher education students have faced highly stressful events in 2020, including confinement and remote education. This population is particularly susceptible to mental health problems, such as high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Aim: To evaluate possible negative impacts of confinement by COVID-19 on Chilean higher education students' mental health. Material and Methods: The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Scale and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) were applied to 315 students during 2016 and to 301 students during 2020. Results: In 2020, depression mean scores for men (24.1) and women (29.7) exceeded the cutoff point, therefore suggesting the presence of depressive disorder. Women had higher depressive and anxious symptoms in both years, however, in 2020 a significant increase was observed for depression, indicating interaction between the year of assessment andgender (0 = 6.74; p <.001). In both samples, first-year students hadsignificantly higherdepressionscores (fl = −1,909;p = 0.05). Conclusions: An increase in depression was observed in 2020. Confinement by COVID-19 had a high impact on mental health in female students. Women and first-year students appear to be high risk groups for developing depressive symptoms.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Estudiantes/psicología , Salud Mental , COVID-19/psicología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Universidades , Chile/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Depresión/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
O desenvolvimento epistemológico de enfermagem tem atravessado diferentes fases nas que se tem definido o núcleo disciplinar o metaparadigma de enfermagem, a partir do qual tem se desenvolvido modelos conceituais e grandes teorias que têm definido a natureza, a missão e objetivos da disciplina, direcionando a pesquisa e a prática. Entretanto, seu nível de abstração conceitual limita o seu uso para a abordagem de fenômenos e aspectos próprios da prática de enfermagem. Ante esta situação, reflete-se sob as contribuições das teorias de rango médio, das teorias práticas ou de situação específica e da prática da enfermagem baseada na evidência, para a redução do distanciamento teoria-prática-pesquisa de enfermagem no contexto colombiano. Finalmente, propõe-se uma agenda de trabalho disciplinar e profissional que articule os desenvolvimentos teóricos e o conhecimento prático de enfermagem com as prioridades de saúde e cuidado na esfera nacional e global.
El desarrollo epistemológico de enfermería ha pasado por diferentes fases en las que se ha definido el núcleo disciplinar o metaparadigma de enfermería, a partir del cual se han desarrollado modelos conceptuales y grandes teorías que han definido la naturaleza, la misión y objetivos de la disciplina y han dado lineamientos generales para la orientación de la investigación y la práctica. Sin embargo, su nivel de abstracción conceptual limita su uso para el abordaje de fenómenos y cuestiones propias de la práctica de enfermería. Ante esta situación, se reflexiona sobre las contribuciones de las teorías de rango medio, de las teorías prácticas o de situación específica y de la práctica de enfermería basada en la evidencia, para la disminución de la brecha teoría-práctica-investigación de enfermería en el contexto colombiano. Finalmente, se propone una agenda de trabajo disciplinar y profesional que articule los desarrollos teóricos y el conocimiento práctico de enfermería con las prioridades de salud y de cuidado en la esfera nacional y global.
The epistemological development of nursing has passed through different phases which have defined the disciplinary core or the metaparadigm of nursing, from which conceptual models and big theories have been developed and have defined the nature, mission and objectives of the discipline and also given general guidelines for its orientation towards research and practice. However, its level of conceptual abstraction limits its use for approaching phenomena and problems proper of the nursing practice. Facing this situation, a revision of the contributions of the theories of medium range, the practical theories for specific situations and the nursing practice based on evidence is made to reduce the theory-practice-research nursing gap in the Colombian context. Finally, a disciplinary and professional work agenda is proposed, which articulates the theoretical developments and the practical knowledge of nursing with the priorities of health and care in the national and global sphere.