RESUMEN
Abstract Introduction: The after-school period is commonly used by schoolchildren to do physical activities; however, the level of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and caloric expenditure achieved during that period of time is unknown. Objective: To analyze the physical activity levels and the estimated caloric expenditure during the after-school period. Materials and methods: 408 schoolchildren enrolled in the Spanish education system and aged between 11 and 12 years were included in the study, of whom 205 were females (11,21±0,41) and 203 males (11,20±0,40). This is a descriptive, relational and cross-sectional study. Schoolchildren reported their physical activity by means of the Previous Day Physical Activity Recall (PDPAR) instrument. Physical activity was analyzed through the average minutes involved in MVPA (>3METs) and the caloric expenditure taken from the MET levels. Results: The results showed a higher average of MVPA (p<0.05) and caloric expenditure (p<0.001) in males than in females. Conclusions: The average MVPA minutes estimated by schoolchildren meet the recommendations of daily physical activity established by the World Health Organization (WHO). Special attention is required for the female gender and the beginning of adolescence.
Resumen Introducción. Por lo general, el periodo de ocio extraescolar es empleado por los escolares para realizar actividades físicas; sin embargo, se desconoce el nivel de actividad física de moderada a vigorosa intensidad (AFMV) y de gasto calórico registrados en ese periodo. Objetivo. Analizar los niveles de actividad física y gasto energético estimado durante el periodo de ocio extraescolar. Materiales y métodos. Participaron 408 escolares, con un rango de edad entre 11 y 12 años, siendo 205 niñas (11.21±0.41) y 203 niños (11.20±0.40) del sistema educativo español. Se siguió un diseño de tipo descriptivo relacional y de carácter transversal. Los escolares registraron la actividad física con el instrumento Previous Day Physical Activity Recall y su análisis se hizo a través del promedio de minutos realizando AFMV (>3 MET) y el gasto calórico extraído de los niveles de MET. Resultados. Se encontraron medias superiores para los hombres respecto a las mujeres, tanto en los minutos de AFMV (p<0.05) como en el gasto calórico (p<0.001) registrado. Conclusiones. El promedio de minutos de AFMV estimada por los escolares estudiados cumple con los valores diarios recomendados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se debe prestar especial atención al género femenino y a la entrada a la adolescencia.
RESUMEN
At the Leopoldo Izquieta Perez National Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in Guayaquil, Ecuador, between November 1983 and February 1985 an evaluation was done of the serological response of two groups, of 19 volunteers each, who received rabies suckling mouse brain (SMB) vaccine produced by that institution and quality- controlled by the PAHO/WHO Pan Américan Zoonoses Center. Two postexposure treatment schemes were used: one group received 14 doses of rabies SMB vaccine (one per day) plus three boosters at 10, 20, and 90 days after the last dose of the initial series; the other group recieved six doses (one per day) and two boosters at 20 and 90 days after completing the initial series. It was not possible to demonstrate statistically significant differences between the median titers of the rabies neutralizing antibody in the two groups at 32, 98, and 180 days after the beginning of the two treatments. The results of this study could serve as a basis for the health authorities of Ecuador in their adoption of a limited vaccination scheme that is more innocuous, effective, and economical than the scheme presently applied in that country