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Background: The knowledge, attitudes and practices of scientific authorship vary across different regions. We conducted this study to understand this variation among medical researchers in India.Methods: An anonymous web-based researcher-survey invited all faculty, researchers and PhD students at Pacific institute of Medical sciences, Udaipur, India. The study design and the questionnaire were approved by the institutional ethics committee. Basic information on study was given to obtain consent for participation. The 30 questions on authorship experience and related issues were based on the statements in International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and other national and international recommendations on authorship. Participants reported their authorship experiences and answered multiple choice questionnaires.Results: The response rate was 36.36% among the participants, who were post-graduate with up to 10 years of research experience. About 62.5% had not been appropriately acknowledged as authors at some point during their career. Contributors (authorship) and ethical peer review is perceived as the key principle of research integrity. Though, single authorship was regarded as more significant, interdisciplinary management of diseases increases number of co-authors. A platform to challenge authorship, declaration of contribution in authorship and shared responsibility of co-authors in case of fraudulent publication was majority opinion.Conclusions: Almost 50 of the participant medical researchers had knowledge of formal authorship requirements. Majority agreed with the criteria would help in decreasing the authorship dispute in the medical research. There is need for awareness and continuous education on these criteria.
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Background: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common diabetic microvascular complication that typically develops after 10 years of diabetes diagnosis. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of obesity and visceral fat in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) cases with nephropathy and without-nephropathy complication.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, diabetic nephropathy was diagnosed on the basis of biochemical tests of urine albumin, serum creatinine, eGFR, BP, and clinical assessment in patients with T2D. The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy estimated and the association between adiposity and diabetic nephropathy in patients T2D was evaluated. Measures of adiposity included body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), body fat percentage, muscle mass percentage and visceral fat percentage. Analysis of variance indicate difference in the various fat analysis parameters in presence and absence of nephropathy. PROC GLM procedure in the SAS Software was used for statistical calculations.Results: A total of 247 patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 53.46�.62 years; 39.5% females) were enrolled in this study. The participants were grouped as with Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) 41.60% (N=99) and without Diabetic Nephropathy (NDN) 58.40% (N=139). The comparison of DN and Non-DN groups showed no significant difference in the BMI, body and visceral fat, muscle mass percentage. Conclusions: Irrespective of the nephropathy status the body fat and visceral fat percentage is increased, and the muscle mass percentage is decreased in diabetes patients. As both obesity and diabetes contribute to the development and progression of renal disease, measures should to taken to reduce the body fat.
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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly lethal infectious disease causing huge health burden worldwide, commonly involving the respiratory system. Medical students should also be empowered to impart awareness and reduce stigma related to TB. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether educational intervention would affect the level of TB awareness, knowledge, attitude and preventive practice of TB among medical students.Methods: The present study was carried out among the second year medical college students of Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences, Udaipur, India (n=142). A multiple-choice questionnaire of 45 questions was designed in English language, for pre- and post-tests. A 30-minute visual health education was given on TB and the assessment of knowledge, attitude and preventive practice of TB was done by a pre-test and post-test questionnaire.Results: Out of the total 150 student, 142 participated in the study making the response rate 94.66%. The total mean percentage of correct answers for TB knowledge was 48.59 (±20.44) which improved to 69.33 (±17.74) post-training. The total mean percentage of right attitude was 63.036 (±16.46) which improved to 77.06 (±15.58) post-training. The total mean percentage of correct answer for preventive practice were provided by 67.036 (±12.90) which changed to 79.50 (±12.01) post-training. There was significant difference in the knowledge, attitude and preventive practice of students in pre- and post-training tests (p=0.001).Conclusions: Our findings revealed that medical students had poor knowledge. A simple TB education session had a positive influence on knowledge, attitude and preventive practices about TB among them.
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Variations in renal arteries are common due its complicated development, ascent and rotation. Estachius first described a case of multiple renal arteries in 1552. These arteries frequent at the inferior pole rather than the superior pole of kidneys. Additional renal arteries may or may not be associated with the congenital malformations of the kidneys. We report a unique asymmetrical bilateral variation of renal artery with right sided early division and left sided accessory/ additional arteries. It is not associated with any other anomaly of kidneys. All of these branches entered the kidney through the hilum. This observation has clinical relevance for surgery, imaging, interventional radiological procedures as well as other diseases of kidney. Since renal arteries are end arteries; early branches and multiple arteries need to be attended individually during renal transplantation surgeries for better outcome.