Profile of ocular trauma in patients under the age of sixteen years in allied hospital, Faisalabad

Aims and Objectives: Evaluation of epidemiological contributing factors in occurrence of ocular trauma in patients under the age of 16 years. Study Design: Descriptive and analytical study carried on 216 children. Period: 13-02-2014 to 26-12-2015. Setting: At Ophthalmological Department, Allied Hospital, PMC, Faisalabad

Patients and Methods: The patients with eye injury who presented to the ophthalmological Department of Allied Hospital, PMC, FSD from 13-02-2014 to 26-12-2015 were included in the study. The Activity at the time of injury, place of injury, identifiable objects causing trauma, age 1-16 years, any sex, use of eye protectors, were noted

Results: Out of 216 patients, there were 166 male [76.85 %] while female were 50 [23.15 %]. There were 76 patients having age between 0-5 years while 78 [36.11 %] were between 6-10 years of age. Out of 216 only 62 [28.7 %] patients were of age between 11 years to 16 years. The injuries due to knife and scissors, occurred in home and were the commonest [17.59 %]. The injuries occurring due to fire cracker and vegetable matter outside home were also common 16.20% and 13.89 % respectively. The fist and hand bite injuries in this group were least common [0.93 %]. In our setting commonest eye injuries involving corneo-scleral were [35+25] [27.78 %]. The frequency of subconjuctival hemorrhage was 11.11 %. The cases having lid tear and canicular cut were 6.48 %

Conclusion: Ocular trauma is an important cause of preventable visual morbidity particularly among younger people who are at the lower risk for chronic ocular diseases. Pediatric ocular trauma is a common cause of ophthalmic consultation

Low vision devices; visual outcome among population of Dera Ghazi Khan, southern Punjab, Pakistan

Objective: The main objective of the present study was to find out visual outcome of Low Vision Devices among patients suffering from different diseases causing reduced visual acuity in the area of Dera Ghazi Khan, Southern Punjab, Pakistan

Setting: Ophthalmology Department, Dera Ghazi Khan which is a tertiary care hospital

Period: 10[th] February, 2014 to 31[st] December, 2014

Material and Methods: Patients [n=55] presented for their low vision assessment included two groups age wise as patients equal or more than 18 years age [n=22] and patients less than 18 years [n=33]. LOG MAR VA charts, contrast sensitivity test, visual fields through arc perimeters, color vision with color pencils hue 16 test along with objective and subjective refractions were applied. All the data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16.00

Results: Patients [n=55] aged 7-90 years presented for their low vision assessment had mean age 23.73+ 2.9 years. The patients were divided into two age groups. First group was 22 [40%] patients equal or more than 18 years age and second consisted of 33[60%] patients less than 18 years age group. Among the patients examined, 40 [72.7%] were males and 15 [27.3%] were females. Our study results revealed that the low vision devices provision was associated with a statistically significant improvement in both near and distance visual acuities and with patients' fulfillment

Conclusion: There was a significant improvement in far and near visual acuity of the patients suffering from a multiplicity of blindness caused diseases by which patients are able to improve their quality of life and able to do their tasks without getting help from others

Microbial biotransformation of beclomethasone dipropionate by Aspergillus niger

In the present research, the steroidal anti-asthmatic drug beclomethasone dipropionate was subjected to microbial biotransformation by Aspergillus niger. Beclomethasone dipropionate was transformed into various metabolites first time from microbial transformation. New drug metabolites produced can act as new potential drug molecules and can replace the old drugs in terms of safety, efficacy, and least resistance. They were purified by preparative thin layer chromatography technique, and their structures were elucidated using modern spectroscopic techniques, such as 13C NMR, 1H NMR, HMQC, HMQC, COSY, and NOESY, and mass spectrometry, such as EI-MS. Four metabolites were purified: (i) beclomethasone 17-monopropionate, (ii) beclomethasone 21-monopropionate, (iii) beclomethasone, and (iv) 9beta,11beta-epoxy-17,21-dihydroxy-16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 21-propionate.

Na pesquisa presente o fármaco esteróide antiasmático dipropionato de beclometasona foi submetido à biotransformação microbiana pelo Aspergillus niger. O dipropionato de beclometasona foi transformado, pela primeira vez, em metabólitos variados por biotransformação microbiana. Novos metabólitos do fármaco produzidos podem agir como novas moléculas potenciais e podem substituir os fármacos antigos em questão de segurança, eficácia e mínima resistência. Eles foram purificados por cromatografia em camada delgada preparativa e as suas estruturas foram elucidadas usando técnicas espectroscópicas modernas, como 13C NMR, 1H NMR; HMQC; HMQC; COSY, NOESY e espectrometria de massas, por exemplo, EI-MS. Purificaram-se quatro metabólitos, denominados (i) 17-monopropionato de beclometasona; (ii) 21-monopropionato de beclometasona: (iii) beclometasona e (iv) 21-propionato de 9beta,11beta-epoxi-17,21-diidroxi-16beta-metilpregna-1,4-dieno-3,20-diona.

Folie a deux in a 13 year old girl and her elder sister

Folie a deux, is a rare delusional disorder shared by two or more people in close emotional ties, so that delusion of the primary patient is adopted by other person. We are presenting a rare case in our clinical practice of a thirteen year old female from ethnic minority with shared psychotic disorder, with her twenty three year old elder sister. In this case of Folie a deux the 13 year old girl was the passive psychotic partner and her 23 year old elder sister was the dominant psychotic partner

Treatment of acute apical abscess by single visit endodontics - 2 case reports

The purpose to publish these case reports is to show the effectiveness of single visit endodontics in teeth with acute apical abscess. Infected non-vital teeth in two patients were treated with single visit RCT along with incision and drainage of the abscess in the same appointment. Follow up of both the patients showed relief of symptoms to remarkable extent in the evening of treatment day. Radiographs showed significant periapical bone healing after 3 months in both patients

case of melatonin induced depression in an adolescent with asperger's syndrome

Melatonin is a commonly used drug in children with sleep difficulties and especially in neurodevelopmental disorders1. We are presenting a case of a16 years old young man with the diagnosis of Asperger's syndrome, who was treated with melatonin for his sleep difficulties but went on to develop depression

Identification of antiplatelet and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory constituents in betel nut / 中西医结合学报

Objective: To investigate the possible mechanism and the compound(s) responsible for the antiplatelet and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory effects of Areca catechu crude extract (Ac.Cr). Methods: Aqueous-methanol (70%) was used for extraction of plant material (betel nut). Antiplatelet activity was measured in human platelet-rich plasma by using a Lumi-aggregometer while anti-AChE activity was measured spectrophotometrically in vitro. In an attempt to find the responsible compound(s) in betel nut for antiplatelet and anti-AChE activities, different commercially available betel nut compounds were tested. Results: Ac.Cr inhibited platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), platelet-activating factor (PAF), epinephrine and Ca(2+)-ionophore. Ac.Cr was the most potent in inhibiting ADP- and Ca(2+)-ionophore-induced aggregation. In the AChE assay, Ac.Cr showed significant AChE inhibitory activity with almost complete inhibition of the enzyme. Out of the tested compounds, none of the compounds in betel nut showed any antiplatelet effect except for catechin that was the most potent against epinephrine-induced aggregation. Catechin was significantly less potent than Ac.Cr, indicating a presence of additional compound(s) with antiplatelet activity. For the AChE inhibitory effect, only tannic acid, gallic acid, diosgenin and isoguvacine were found to be active, whereby tannic acid was more potent than Ac.Cr. Conclusion: This study shows the possible antiplatelet and AChE inhibitory potential of betel nut while further studies are needed to confirm and identify more compounds in betel nut for these actions.