Complications and mortality in ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction in diabetic and non-diabetic patients

The difference in environmental conditions along with foods in the subcontinent than other parts of the world incited this work to see how complications and outcome differ in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. 240 patients [76 diabetic and 164 non-diabetic] suffering from ST-segment Elevation acute myocardia infarction were included in the study. Complications of Acute Myocardial Infarction [AMI] and the outcome were compared between diabetics and non-diabetic patients. Different complications studied varied significantly [P<0.001] within diabetics, non-diabetics and in overall after controlling for diabetes. Complications showed similar pattern [heterogeneity test P>0.5] in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. The abnormalities including Cardiogenic shock [OR = 1.9; 95% CI=0.85-4.22], left ventricular failure [OR = 2.5], re-infarction [OR=2.2], arrhythmia [OR=2.04] and ventricular septal defect [OR=2.17] were 4.2, 21.3, 4.2 and 85.24 times higher in diabetics, respectively. However, occurrence of post myocardial angina [OR=0.38] was low in diabetics than non-diabetics. Odds of having diastolic dysfunction were 1.8 times higher in diabetic patients. The moderate and severe LV-dysfunction was 3.3 and 2.5 times higher diabetics, while mild LV-dysfunction in was 2.1 times higher in non-diabetics. Mortality due to STEMI in diabetics was 2.3 times higher than in non-diabetics. Mortality varied significantly between different age groups in non-diabetics and in overall after controlling for diabetes. In non-diabetic group, mortality was 8.4 times higher in patients those were not given streptokinase than those were given streptokinase, while in diabetic group it was 2.5 times higher in patients were not given streptokinase than those were given streptokinase. The results indicate that the diabetics have higher risk of mortality. Inferior infarction is more serious in diabetics than non-diabetics and chances of survival in streptokinase treated patients is five times in non-diabetic while it about two times in diabetics. The results suggest the importance of streptokinase treatment in patients having ST-segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction

Levels of serum Cu, Fe and Zn along with serum total proteins and fractions in disease malnourished children of 4 - 12 years of age

This study was conducted to uncover the differences in the serum Cu, Fe, Zn and proteins in children of different degrees of malnutrition. For this purpose 85 malnourished and 15 normal children of school age [4-12 years] were chosen. Results revealed that serum Fe and Cu were significantly or relatively higher in malnourished than apparently healthy children irrespective of age, sex, socio-economic status or area of living. The levels of serum Zn, however, showed statistically non-significant differences between malnourished and apparently healthy children. Serum levels of total proteins and globulins were significantly or relatively lower in malnourished compared to the children of control group irrespective of age, sex, socio-economic status and area of living. The results of albumin were variable in these groups. While serum total proteins and globulins in male malnourished children were significantly lower compared to the male children of the control group, it was non-significantly different among females. The means of serum Cu, Zn and Fe in severely malnourished males and females were 48.61, 80.40; 50.00, 48.20; 227.15, 229.40 micro g/dL, respectively. These parameters in children of low and middle socio-economic status were 58.30, 90.00; 47.80, 58.67; 240.15, 148.00 micro g/dL, respectively while in severely malnourished children of three age groups [4-6, 7-9 and 10-12 years] were 38.25, 81.00, 71.55; 50.50, 46.66, 49.77; 224.88, 155.00, 279.78 micro g/dL, respectively. It can be concluded from the present study that serum Cu and Fe levels are increased, while serum total proteins and globulins are decreased in children of 4-12 years of age suffering from disease malnutrition

Comparison of nutritional status in children of different socio - economic statuses

This cross sectional study was carried out to compare nutritional status amongst children of 5-10 years of age of different socio-economic status. Study was carried out at schools of Faisalabad city for almost 4 months. Height, weight, mid-arm circumference [MAC] and triceps skin fold thickness [TSFT] were measured of children belonging to three socio-economic status [SES]. The study revealed significantly [p<0.05] lower heights of both male and female children of low SES compared with of high SES at the age of 5-5.9 years and those older than 9 years. Similarly, mean weight of children of low SES was significantly [p<0.05] lower than children of middle and high SES. Mid-arm circumference was also significantly [p<0.05] lower in both males and females of low SES than high SES. In children of low SES, significantly greater TSFT was observed in females than males at 5-6.9 years and 9-9.9 years of age while in children of middle SES TSFT was observed at 6-6.9 and greater than 8 years of age. The data showed significantly lower values [p<0.05] of TSFT in children of low and middle SES than those of high SES in both male and female of all age groups. Pearson correlation statistics revealed significant negative relationship between height and TSFT [r=-0.496, p<0.001] in children of low SES in contrast with the results in middle and high SES. It may be concluded from the obtained results that the parameters studied are good indicators of nutritional assessment except height as appeared a delayed effect of nutrition, further that height has significant inverse relationship with TSFT in malnourished children but not in well nourished ones

study on iron deficiency anemia and hematological differences around delivery in women of different socio - economic and age groups

This study was conducted on pregnant women admitted to various hospitals of Faisalabad for delivery. They were randomly divided into 3 socio-economic groups [low, middle and high] and each group was further subdivided into 3 age groups of < 25, 26 33 years of patients. The study revealed an overall higher [p<0.05] birth weight of newborn of those born to women of middle socio-economic groups than low and high. Overall mean RBC [106/