How does chronic tonsillitis affects anxiety and depression?

Chronic/recurrent tonsillitis is a condition that affects the quality of life with symptoms such as pain, fever, halitosis, and so forth. However, the effect of this condition on depression and anxiety has not been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the complex relationship between chronic/recurrent tonsillitis and depression and anxiety in adult patients. The study included 60 female and 60 male patients and 25 healthy male and 25 healthy female controls, aged 18-40 years. The participants were made to fill out the Beck depression and anxiety inventories [BDI and BAI]. Those who met the inclusion criteria were included. The averages and cutoff values of the total scores were investigated separately for males and females. For both males and females, the averages of total BDI scores [P < 0.043 and <0.035, respectively] and total BAI scores [P = 0.019 and 0.027, respectively] were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1. This study was novel in exploring the relationship between chronic/recurrent tonsillitis and depression and anxiety in adults. The findings of this study might enhance the understanding on this subject and serve as a valuable guidance for the interested researchers

The Anatomical Relationship Between Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve and First Tracheal Ring in Males and Females

OBJECTIVES: Despite the modern advances in thyroid surgery, recurrent laryngeal nerve (rln) paralysis is still a critical problem. In order to decrease the rate of this complication, rln anatomy has been studied intensively. In our study, we aimed to recognize the relationship of rln and landmarks of the first tracheal ring. METHODS: Eighty-six female and 18 male patients who were undergone total thyroidectomy were included in this study. Trachea vertical height (tvh), right recurrent laryngeal nerve height (rrh), left recurrent laryngeal nerve height (lrh), right recurrent laryngeal nerve to trachea anterior face median raphe distance (rrd), left recurrent laryngeal nerve to trachea anterior face median raphe distance (lrd), right recurrent laryngeal nerve respect to trachea ratio (rrtr), and left recurrent laryngeal nerve respect to trachea ratio (lrtr) parameters of all patients were measured and compared in males and females using independent t-test and measurements on both right and left sides were compared statistically without sex discrimination. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between groups in tvh, rrh, rrd, lrd, rrtr, and lrtr parameters. Lrh parameter was significantly higher in males than in females (P<0.04). Comparison of right and left sides revealed that lrh was significantly higher than rrh (P<0.001), lrd was significantly higher than rrd (P<0.001), and rrtr was significantly higher than lrtr (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: In this study, we have shown that in all cases the rln was located around the lower half of trachea vertical length and at this level left rln was located significantly deeper than the right side.