Contribution of different global varieties of cotton towards water hardness in textile wet processing

Specimens of nineteen different global varieties of cotton were studied to determine their contribution to water hardness through calcium and magnesium impurities, resulting in various problems during textile pretreatment, colouration and finishing. Pakistani cotton was found to be the second most contaminated cotton in terms of calcium and magnesium impurities, whereas Elisa variety from Uzbekistan was the cleanest