Controle de qualidade em cirurgia cardiovascular: um paradigma a ser atingido / Quality control in cardiovascular surgery: a new paradigm

O objetivo do trabalho é fazer uma revisão da literatura sobre o controle de qualidade em cirurgia cardiovascular. Os autores estudaram os diversos parâmetros necessários para um melhor controle de qualidade em cirurgia cardiovascular: 1. Criação de uma base de dados abrangente, utilizando-se como modelos as bases de dados da Society of Thoracic Surgeons e European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery; 2. Prever um escore de risco cirúrgico nos moldes do Euroscore; 3. Analisar os fatores que podem contribuir para um mau resultado cirúrgico e apontar meios de corrigi-los; 4. Analisar o impacto do fator humano sobre o resultado cirúrgico, fazendo um paralelo com a metodologia usada em aviação. Por meio de um controle rigoroso da qualidade em cirurgia cardiovascular, é possível se melhorar em muito o resultado cirúrgico.

The objective is to write a literature review of the relevant information related to quality control in cardiovascular surgery. The authors have studied several parameters to allow quality control in cardiovascular surgery: 1. Construction of a database as complete as possible to the similar ones of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons and the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery; 2. To create a surgical risk model like the Euroscore; 3. To make an analysis of the different reasons for a poor surgical outcomes and try to correct them; 4. To study the human factor as an important element to the surgical outcome and discuss methods to avoid erros in an action similar to the ones used in aviation. Enabling a tight control of quality in cardiovascular surgery it is possible to obtain a major improvement in surgical outcomes.

TIPS--anastomose portossistêmica intra-hepática transjugular. Revisao / TIPS - Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. A review

At the present time several therapeutic options are used for the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices in patients with portal hypertension. We will review the main medical publications on transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), a procedure seldom used among us. TIPS works as a portocaval side-to-side shunt and decreases the risk of esophageal bleeding through lowering of the portal system pressure and a decrease of the portal hepatic pressure gradient. TIPS consists in the percutaneous insertion, through the internal jugular vein, of a metallic stent under fluoroscopic control in the hepatic parenchyma creating a true porta caval communication. There are several studies demonstrating the efficacy of TIPS, although only a few of them are randomized and control-matched to allow us to conclude that this procedure is safe, efficient and with a good cost benefit ratio. In this review, we search for the analysis of the TIPS utilization, its techniques, its major indications and complications. TIPS has been used in cases of gastroesophageal bleeding that has failed with pharmacologic or endoscopic treatment in patients Child-Pugh B and C. It can be used also as a bridge for liver transplantation. Others indications for TIPS are uncontrolled ascites, hepatic renal syndrome, and hepatic hydrothorax. The main early complications of TIPS using are related to the insertion site and hepatic encephalopathy and the stent occlusion is the chief late complication.