Anterior Segment Changes during Accommodation in Accommodative Esotropia

PURPOSE: To evaluate the anterior segment biometric parameters of non-accommodative and accommodative refractive accommodative esotropia (RAE). METHODS: Eighty-one eyes of 81 patients were included in this prospective, case-control study. The patients were divided into three groups as follows: the RAE group (n = 31), the hypermetropia group (n = 25), and the emmetropia group (n = 25). Measurements were obtained in the non-accommodative (0.0 diopters) and accommodative status (-5.0 diopters) using a Pentacam HR. The anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), pupil diameter (PD), and anterior chamber angle (ACA) were evaluated at all four quadrants. RESULTS: The ACD, ACV and PD values in the RAE group were lower than those of the other groups in both states (p < 0.05). The ACD values were lower in the hypermetropia group than in the emmetropia group for the non-accommodative status (p = 0.024) but were similar for the accommodative status (p = 0.225). PD and ACV values were lower in the hypermetropia group than in the emmetropia group in both states (non-accommodative status, p = 0.011 and p = 0.022; accommodative status, p = 0.026 and p = 0.034, respectively). Changes in ACD, ACV and PD during accommodation (Δ) were not significant in the RAE group but were significant for the other groups (hypermetropia: ΔACD, p = 0.001; ΔACV, p = 0.001; ΔPD, p = 0.002; emmetropia: ΔACD, p < 0.001; ΔACV, p = 0.001; ΔPD, p < 0.001). These changes were significantly lower in the hypermetropia group than in the emmetropia group (ΔACD, p = 0.012; ΔACV, p = 0.031; ΔPD, p = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS: The anterior chamber in RAE patients was shallower and the increase in convexity of the anterior surface or forward movement of the crystalline lens was more limited during accommodation in RAE.

Do Defense Styles of Ego Relate to Volumes of Orbito-Frontal Cortex in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?

OBJECTIVE: Although the importance of orbito-frontal cortex (OFC) is established in the pathogenesis of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), no study have evaluated its relation to the traditional psychodynamic perspective. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the defense styles consisting of mature, immature and neurotic defenses and OFC volumes of patients with OCD. METHODS: Subjects were selected among those of our previous study, and so eighteen patients with OCD and same number of healthy controls were took into the study. The patients and controls had underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition, the Defense Style Questionnaire-40 was administered to obtain defense styles of patients and controls. RESULTS: No significant relationship was found between the right OFC volumes of both the patient and control groups and their scores of mature, neurotic, or immature defense mechanisms. As for the left OFC volumes, the only significant relationship for the scores of immature defense mechanism was found in the patient group. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicated that there was no significant relationship between OFC volumes of the patient group and their scores of mature, neurotic, or immature defense mechanisms, except a significant relation with the scores of immature defense mechanisms.

Idiopathic postpartum intussusception: a rare cause of acute abdominal pain

To present a case with acute abdominal pain due to idiopathic intestinal intussusception diagnosed by ultrasound and computed tomography [CT] during the early postpartum period. A 21-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital with abdominal pain, nausea and emesis after a normal vaginal delivery. Laboratory tests done at admission were within normal limits except for leukocytosis. Physical examination revealed abdominal distention, guarding and rebound tenderness. Abdominal ultrasound and oral contrast-enhanced CT showed a complex mass in the hypogastrium, with a typical configuration of intussusception. Emergent laparotomy revealed ileoileal invagination approximately 70 cm to the ileocecal valve but no lead point. A partial ileal resection was performed. This case shows that when intussusception is suspected, an abdominal ultrasound should be performed even in patients with atypical symptoms. CT may be used to confirm the diagnosis