Primary Aortoesophageal Fistula Presented as Massive Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

An aortoesophageal fistula is one of the very few causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding but can be fatal if the diagnosis is delayed. This usually occurs secondary to esophageal or aortic surgery. A primary aortoesophageal fistula is rare and less likely to be suspected. Here, we present a case of a primary aortoesophageal fistula that presented as massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. An 81-year-old man with a history of aortic aneurysm had syncope and bright color hematemesis. The aortoesophageal fistula was not diagnosed early enough and the patient died. Therefore, emergency physicians should consider aortoesophageal fistula as a potential cause when encountering upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Cerebral and Coronary Air Embolism after Percutaneous Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Lung

Percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy is a relatively simple and safe procedure for the diagnosis of lung and mediastinal lesions. Systemic air embolism during and after percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy of the lung is very rare; however, it is still a complication that can cause fatal outcomes, such as cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction. Here, we report a 72-year-old woman who suffered a change in consciousness immediately after receiving a percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy for the pathologic examination of pulmonary nodules found during a routine health medical examination. She had left side weakness and ST segment elevation on an electrocardiogram. After a high concentration of oxygen, she recovered from neurological symptoms and electrocardiographic abnormalities. The authors report a case of air embolism occurring simultaneously in the brain and coronary arteries after percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy.

A Case of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Lateral Frontal Sinusitis

Frontal sinusitis can cause an intractable frontal headache. Frequently, the external approach is performed for a lesion located in the lateral aspect of the frontal sinus. This area is considered to be "out of reach" for standard endoscopic instruments. However, problems such as scars can be a serious handicap of the external approach for patients with cosmetic concerns. We experienced a case of lateral frontal sinusitis associated with an intractable frontal headache, which was successfully treated via endoscopic sinus surgery aided by sagittal CT and intraoperative C-arm using K-wire instead of the external approach.

Measurement of Nasal and Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Nasal Disease / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nitric oxide (NO) is present in high concentrations in the upper respiratory tract. The physiological role of this mediator is to contribute to the local host's defense, modulate ciliary motility and serve as an aerocrine mediator in helping to maintain adequate ventilation-perfusion matching in the lung. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship of nasal NO (nNO) and exhaled NO (eNO) in nasal airway disease patients. NO concentration was measured using a chemiluminescence analyzer. nNO was analyzed by aspiration at a sampling flow rate of 700 mL/min with velum closure. eNO was analyzed during expiration against a constant resistance of 10 cm H2O. RESULTS: NO concentration of the normal control group (n=32) was compared with that of the allergic rhinitis group (n=31) and the rhinosinusitis with that of the nasal polyp group (n=30). The mean nNO level in the control group was 241+/-89 ppb and eNO was 20.5+/-6.4 ppb. The mean nNO level was significantly increased in the allergic rhinitis group (332+/-125 ppb) but decreased in the chronic sinusitis group (89+/-55 ppb). The mean eNO level was significantly increased both in the allergic rhinitis group (26.9+/-10.1 ppb) and chronic sinusitis group (29.8+/-12.8 ppb). CONCLUSION: nNO concentration was increased in patients with allergic rhinitis and decreased in patients with chronic sinusitis; however, eNO was increased in both patients. This shows that patients with upper respiratory inflammation may also have lower respiratory inflammation, supporting the concept of 'one airway, one disease'. This study shows that measurement of NO is useful for the study or evaluation of nasal diseases.

A Case of Cochlear Implantation after Bilateral Temporal Bone Fracture / 대한이비인후과학회지

The incidence of bilateral temporal bone fractures are reported in 9% to 20%. Otic capsule violating temporal bone fractures are highly related to sensorineural hearing loss, when compared with otic capsule sparing fractures. Patients with bilateral temporal bone fractures and profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss may benefit from cochlear implantation. We present the case of a 44-year-old male with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss caused by bilateral temporal bone fractures who achieved successful auditory rehabilitation after a cochlear implantation.

Isolation of Voltage Dependent Calcium Current in Chick Inner Hair Cell / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Voltage dependent calcium channel (VDCC) mediates calcium ion influx and controls neurotransmitter release in excitable cells. Hair cells in vertebrates cochlea are known to express L-type VDCC. The purpose of this study was to measure calcium current from hair cells to investigate basic activity and characteristics of VDCC. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We measured calcium current in hair cells of the chicken's auditory organ, the basilar papilla analogous to the mammalian cochlea, in whose L-type, dihydropyridinesensitive calcium channels predominate and in vestibular hair cells from cristae. Calcium currentthrough VDCC was isolated in voltage-clamp recording using Cesium, Tetraethylammonium, 4- aminopyridine and apamin to block the much larger potassium currents. Various concentrations of internal calcium buffer, ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) or 1,2-bis (o-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) were used. RESULTS: The higher the buffer concentration, the larger the current size were ; they were significantly larger in 10 mM of calcium buffer concentration (ANOVA, p< 0.05). There was no difference in calcium current between cochlear and vestibular hair cells. CONCLUSION: We could successfully isolate stable inward calcium current from chick hair cells. This experiment can be used as a basic method to understand neurotransmission process between hair cells and afferent neurons.

Transverse uterine incision closure: One versus Two layers / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: Closure of a low transverse cesarean incision with one layer and two layer, we compared operative time, hemostasis, blood loss and postoperative sonohysteroperitoneographic findings. Study design: At our hospital 103 women were randomized to closure of a low transverse cesarean incision with either one continuous layer of a locking No. 1 chromic suture or two continuous of No. 1 chromic suture with the first layer locked between Mar. 1, 1998 and Dec. 31, 1998. After three months later, sonhysteroperitoneography was taken and then we evaluated uterus indirectly. RESULTS: A one layer closure required less operative time, 16 versus 20.8 minutes (p<0.01), less hemoglobin change, 0.44 versus 1.3 (p<0.01) and less suture materials (p<0.01). But postoperative follow up sonohysteroperitoneography, a one layer closure shows slightly thinning of isthmic layer of myometrium, two layer closure shows more adhesional band and both are similar other findings. CONCLUSION: A one layer does not significantly affect the clinical course than traditional two layer closure. So we recommended a one layer closure when its use is anatomically feasible.

A case of endometrial osseous metaplasia of a referred endometria l cancer patient / 대한부인종양콜포스코피학회잡지

Endometrial osseous metaplasia is a rare condition. The etiology and pathogenesis remain controversial. In most cases, the development of this condition is observed to be related to the history of abortion, either spontaneous or therapeutic and also, frequently associated with menstrual irregularity and endometritis. Patients usually present with secondary amenorrhea, irregular menstruation, pain, and dysmenorrhea. The authors recently experienced a case of endometrial osseous metaplasia of a referred endometrial cancer patient who had no history of abortion at all. We report this case with a brief review of the literature.

A Case of Recurrent Leiomyoma in Vesicovaginal Septum / 대한산부인과학회잡지

Leiomyoma of vagina is relatively rare benign tumor. And majority of these lesions occur in labia major and anterior vaginal wall. The recurrence of this tumor is extremely rare and its cellular atypism, mitotic activity, tumor size and contour are known as important factors in its recutrence. A case of recutrent leiomyoma causing urinary frequency in vesicovaginal septum was reported with a brief review of literature.

Growth hormone, somatomedin C levels in umbilical cord blood in premature, term, postterm neonates / 대한산부인과학회잡지

No abstract available.

Concentration of prostaglandin E2 in amnion tissue at term and preterm delivery / 대한산부인과학회잡지

No abstract available.

Electron microscopic ultrastructural changes of leiomyoma after treatment with D-Trp6-luteinizing hormone releasing hormone / 대한불임학회지

No abstract available.

Animal Experiment of Domestic Dynamic Compression Plate / 대한정형외과학회잡지

Dynamic compression plate, used in the orthopedic surgery as internal fixation system, should have excellent biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and adequate mechanical properties. The object of this research was test of its biocompatibility as compared with Osteo DCP and fabnfication of a KAIST" DCP with evaluation of its effect by animal experiment. The conclusions were follows: 1. The corrosion resistance of domestic DCP had no significant difference as compared with foreign made DCP. 2. The tissue responses to DCP were thought to be adequate. 3. The new-design DCP had less mobility at fracture site as compared with existing DCP, but there was no significant statistical differences. 4. In summary, it was concluded that KAIST DCP could be applied to the human body and it would be worth while to research the advantages of new-design DCP. DCP: Dynamic Compression Plate KAIST: Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology.

An Animal Experiment for Domestic Production of Metallic Implant / 대한정형외과학회잡지

In Korea, the metallic implant had to be supplied through import channel with many problems. KAIST succeeded in making AISI 316 LVM stainless steel within the criteria of American Society for Testing and Materials. With the animal experiment at preliminary report I, the biocompatibility in the muscle was examined. For biocompatibility test of new material, test in the bone is essential. In this animal experiment using rat tibia, the biocompatibility of the Kirschner wire of KAIST was compared with that of Zimmer. The result was as follows: 1. Tissue reaction of the Kirschner wire of KAIST was minimal to moderate. 2. Corrosion was negligible, and there was no definite difference between the KAIST and Zimmer Kirschner wires. 3. Authors observed the satisfactory biocompatibility of the KAIST Kirschner wite in bone and muscle, and concluded that the Kirschner wire of KAIST can be applied to human body without serious problems.