Paralisia do musculo cricoaritenóideo lateral: relato de caso como contribuição ao estudo da anatomia funcional da laringe / Paralysis of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle: a case report as a contribution to the understanding of the functional anatomy of the larynx

A eletromiografia da laringe (EMG) vem sendo útil nas avaliações das alterações de mobilidade das pregas vocais, sobretudo diferenciando as paralisias das fixações, e também fornecendo dados para o prognóstico e localização de lesões neuromusculares. Com base na EMG e na telelaringoscopia buscamos entender o papel dos músculos intrínsecos da laringe a partir de um caso de paralisia de músculo cricoaritenoideo lateral, confirmado por estudo eletromiográfico, em uma paciente com história de afonia e perda de mobilidade da prega vocal esquerda, fixa na posição lateral

A comparison between averaged spikes and individual visually-analyzed spikes in rolandic epileptiform discharges

PURPOSE:This study compared some morphological features of individual rolandic epileptiform discharges, used to obtain an averaged estimate, with those of the resulting estimate. METHOD: Twenty-four averaged discharges from EEGs of 24 children showing rolandic spikes were compared with 480 individual discharges used in the averaging. The analysis was based on the occurrence of tangential dipole and "double spike" patterns. RESULTS: In 15 averaged discharges the tangential dipole pattern was found. Individual spikes used in the averaging process displayed the same pattern in 35-100 percent of them; in the remaining 9 averaged discharges, up to 20 percent of the individual spikes showed the same pattern, although this was not found in the averaged waveforms. "Double spike" pattern was found in 11 of the averaged waveforms and was recognized in 50-100 percent of its individual discharges, whereas up to 45 percent of individual spikes showed this pattern without expression in the averaged waveform. CONCLUSION: When visually analyzing an EEG with rolandic spikes, caution should be exercised in characterizing these patterns, since a few discharges showing them may not be expressed in the averaged waveform and the clinical correlations proposed for these patterns may not apply