RESUMEN
some recent research have reported increased stability in mechanisms of adhesion to dentin in remove of collagen fiber of the dentin surface.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium hypochlorite in microleakage of three step total etch dental adhesives with different solvents. this experimental study on 80 intact bovine incisor teeth, were prepared class V cavities on buccal surface of teeth, box shap and all walls on enamel. Then the specimens were randomly divided into eight groups [n=10]. NaOCl+etching+ SBMP [waterbase], NaOCl+etching+ All Bond[2] [Acetonebase], etching+ NaOCl+ SBMP, etching+ NaOCl+ All Bond[2], NaOCl+ SBMP, NaOCl+ All Bond[2], etching+ SBMP, etching+ All Bond[2]. Then the cavities were restored using Z[250] [3M] composite and Coltolux 75 light curing unit [350 mw/cm2]. The specimens were thermo cycled for 1000 times on water baths of 5 and 55[Oc]. After thermocycling, the specimens were immersed in a 2% aqueous solutions of basic fuchsin for 24 hours, then longitudinal section of each restoration was obtained and examined with a stereomicroscope for evaluation of micro leakage. The data were analyzed using kruskal-walls test and the mean of micro leakage of samples were compared by two- way ANOVA test. The findings showed that the higher rate of micro leakage was detected in hypo+Acid and lower rate of micro leakage was detected in Acid+hypo in different treatment method. The finding was different in hypo+Acid procedure, the higher rate of micro leakage was in SBMP. In hypo groups, the microleakage with ALL Bond 2 was higher than SBMP. In control groups, the microleakage with SBMP was higher than ALL Bond 2. Application of Naoci before dentin etching for removal organic materials increase the rate of microleakage of All Bondz, SBMP to that of control group
RESUMEN
Human and animal studies linking fluoride with diminished intelligence have been published. Although adverse effects of high intake of fluoride on intelligence and mental acuity continue to be reported, they are still controversial. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between fluoride in drinking water and children's intelligence. In this cross sectional study, 41 children were selected from the high fluoride area with 2.5mg/l [ppm] fluoride in the drinking water and 85 children were selected from low fluoride area with 0.4mg/l [ppm] fluoride in the drinking water. The intelligence quotient [10] of each child was measured by the Raven's test. The history of illnesses affecting the nervous system, head trauma, birth weight [>2.5kg or < 2.5kg], residental history, age and sex of children were investigated by questionnaires completed by the children's parents. Data were analyzed by Chi-Square test with p<0.05 as the limit of significance. In the high fluoride area the mean 10 of children [87.9 +/- 11] was significantly lower than in the low fluoride area [98.9 +/- 12.9] [P=0.025]. Based on the findings of this study, exposure of children to high levels of fluoride may carry the risk of impaired development of intelligence