[Study of interaction between oxytocin and opoid system in locus coeruleus on acute pain in the rat]

Studies show that the plaus a role hormone oxytocin in the control of pain, sexual behavior, anxiety and love. The mechanism of this neuropeptide is not completely understood in the CNS. This study aimed at researching the effect of oxytoxin administered in the locus coeruleus [LC] nucleus on pain and its interaction with opioid system, because LC influences the nociception and also contains oxytocin and opioid receptors. Male wistar rats weighing 270 +/- 20 grams were used. Animals divided to the in control group, receiving only oxytocin [3nmol/2 l] and the group receiving oxytocin [3nmol/2microl] with naloxone as an opioid receptor antagonist [3nmol/1microl] in LC nucleus. Hot plate and tail flick tests were used for pain response evaluations. Oxytocin injection in locus coeruleus nucleus induced analgesic effect significantly in two analgesiometer tests [p<0.001]. Naloxone prevented the analgesic effect of oxytocin significantly [Hot plate p<0.001, Tail flick p<0.05]. Oxytocin exerts part of its antinociception effect via LC nucleus and probably by excitation of the opioid system because of the inhibiting effect of naloxone

Managing nutritional programmes in developing countries

Improving community nutrition in developing countries requires a detailed epidemiological picture of the prevalent nutritional problems in different regions and age groups. This makes it possible to identify priorities, sensitize policy-makers, establish political commitment and design appropriate community programmes for income generation and education for the best use of food resources. Experiences acquired from community-based nutritional programmes show that ownership of a programme by the community and using a tailor-made approach are essential factors in the successful implementation of programmes. A multifaceted approach is needed, involving a range of sectors-agriculture, commerce, education and health-- and commitment at all levels from government to communities and individuals