Production of leather fat liquoring agents from local sources as alternative for imported liquors

Local animal bone fat extracted from animal bone by-product was chemically treated with chlorosulfonic acid [15% chlorosulfonic acid based on weight of fat] to produce local leather fat liquoring agent. Different conditions include stirring time, reaction temperature, and presences of different solvents were investigated to obtain the optimum conditions of fat liquor preparation. The prepared fat liquor was found to possess a great emulsion stability and effective resistance towards different factors as pH and metallic ions. The prepared fat liquor was applied as fat liquoring agent for chrome tanned leather. The improvement of the quality of the fat liquored leather was manifested through the enhancement of chemical and physical parameters such as free and bounded fatty matter, tensile strength, and elongation at break, and through better visual properties and good general appearance of leather. The prepared fat liquor was used as an alternative for the imported fat liquors showing great performance and saving hard currency

Fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of head and neck masses

Sixty nine patients with different head and neck lumps were subjected to fine needle aspiration [FNA] technique using papanicolau's and haematoxylin and eosin stains. The results are illustrated with consideration to those of biopsy examination. FNA gave encouraging results [in head and neck lesions] which could be used as a quick, preliminary and reliable diagnostic procedure in such conditions