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Objective: Drug-induced cutaneous reactions are common problem in our country and can range from simple rash to severe reactions. Early recognition of these reactions enables early identification and withdrawal of offending drugs, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality. So present study aimed to assess clinical pattern of drug-induced cutaneous reactions in Dermatology OPD.Methods: This study was an open, non-comparative, non-interventional, observational study conducted on patients visiting dermatology department to see the clinical pattern of drug-induced cutaneous reactions. A total of 60 patients with suspected cutaneous adverse drug reactions were recruited. A detailed physical examination was done by a physician, including drug intake during 3 w preceding reactions and type of drug reactions.Results: Most frequently reported cutaneous drug reactions were Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (23%), Maculopapular rash (18%) Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (15%) and were caused by antiepileptic drugs in 21(35%) patients, followed by antibiotics in 17(28.33%) cases, NSAID’s in 7(11.6%) cases, antitubercular drugs in 3(5%) and antiretroviral drugs in 3(5%) cases. A high proportioned of these reactions (50%) were moderate (31%) of these were severe because they require hospitalisation or increased the duration of stay in hospital or were life-threatening in (1%). Principal offending drug was phenytoin.Conclusion: A good knowledge of ADRs, a careful history taking and watchful approach while prescribing of drugs can prevent many of adverse drug reactions. These facts justify the development of an intensive programme of pharmacovigilance.
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Objective: The present study aimed to ensure the safety and related potential adverse effects following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination (AZD1222) in a scenario when numerous vaccines have been approved on an emergency basis by the WHO and other regulatory agencies to prevent the widespread of COVID-19 infection and to decrease the associated mortality and morbidity.Methods: This study was an open, non-comparative, non-interventional, observational study conducted on healthcare workers of BPS Govt. medical college for women and elderly people who received the first dose of COVID-19 vaccinationChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) by conducting their interviews and recording the dataResults: Between January and March 2021, a total of 1907 participants were enrolled in this study. Out of 1907 recipients, 70 recipients reports adverse drug events following vaccination. Myalgia (0.629%), headache (1.31%), fever (? 37.5 °C, 0.839%) and fever with chills (? 37.5 °C, 1.048) were the most common adverse events after the first dose of vaccination of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222. Throat irritation (0.209 %) and Generalised itching (0.262) were the least common adverse events.Conclusion: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Astrazeneca) has an acceptable safety profile as observed in this study. To our knowledge, very few studies are done that review the safety of COVID-19 vaccines. Further safety data from a larger sample size and of longer duration are warranted to establish safety
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Objective: This study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Vitamin B complex as an add-on therapy to diclofenac in patients with primary osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Materials and Methods: In this prospective, open-labeled, randomized, and comparative clinical study, a total of 130 patients of age >40 years with primary OA of knee attending orthopedics OPD were randomly allocated into two groups of 65 each, i.e., Group D and Group B. In Group D, patients received tablet diclofenac 75 mg and in Group B, patients received tablet Vitamin B complex along with diclofenac once daily for 4 weeks, respectively. Clinical assessment was done at baseline and at the end of 4 weeks and 8 weeks by the visual analog scale (VAS), WOMAC index, and Lequesne index. Results: During the intergroup comparison, it was found that Vitamin B complex as an add-on therapy to diclofenac produced statistically significant reduction in mean VAS pain score (P < 0.05). However, the difference in mean WOMAC index and Lequesne index was not statistically different at 4 and 8 weeks between the two groups (P > 0.05). Mild side effects were seen at 4 weeks, but no side effects persisted up to 8 weeks in both the groups. Conclusion: The present study suggested that Vitamin B complex as an add-on therapy was found to cause a significant reduction in pain score. It could be a promising drug in patients with OA to improve the analgesic effect, when combined can reduce the dose of diclofenac, thereby minimizing the side effects.
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Background: Awareness towards improper disposal of medicines and its hazardous impact on environment is one of the major issues which we are neglecting but needs to be focused. In general, expired medicines/waste medicines/ left out medicines are disposed in the garbage or, rinse in sink or flushed down toilet, which ends up in the water system and have a potential effect on ecosystem. With this background, the present study was conducted to assess the practice towards disposal of medicines (Unused/Expired Drugs) among the patients visiting tertiary care teaching hospital in Haryana.Methods: This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted through face-to-face interviews by using a validated structured Questionnaire in patients attending the OPD of PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana. A total of 150 patients participated in this study.Results: Among the 150 Patients participated in the study, 94 were male and 56 were female. Most common class of medicines used were NSAIDS (34%). About the practice of disposal of medicines 62% of them threw into the dustbin (household garbage) 18% into the toilet/sink. About consequences of improper disposal (55%) of them answered that they were not aware. The most common reason for left out medicines in home was incompletion of the course due to getting relieved from disease (50%). Most common way of procuring medicine was purchased on prescription and surprisingly only 30% participants checked the expiry date of medicine before procuring. Among the participants 75% said that government should be responsible to create awareness for proper disposal of unused medicines.Conclusions: The present study brought out the current status and lacuna towards the disposal of medicines. Patients do not use all the medications and there is lack of knowledge about awareness of disposal of medicines and its consequences.
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Pain and fear of pain continue to be the commonest and strongest motivation for the people to seek facial pain treatment. Pain is a personal experience of the sufferer that cannot be shared and wholly belongs to the sufferer. Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a notable facial pain disorder resulting in periodic severe pain that produces one of the most severe kinds of pain known to mankind. Treatment of this debilitating condition may be varied, ranging from medical to surgical interventions. However antiepileptic drugs are commonly used for its treatment. This article brings out the recent approaches in diagnosis and treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.
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Ocular itching and redness adversely affect the quality-of-life of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) patients. The objective of thisstudy was to evaluate changes in VKC patient's quality-of-life (QOL). The present study was prospective, open label,randomized, comparative clinical study. Hundred patients of vernal keratoconjunctivitis between 6 to 20 years of age of eithersex willing to give informed consent were enrolled in the study. In Group A, 50 patients received Bepotastine besilate (0.15%)eye drops twice daily for 8 weeks whereas in Group B, 50 patients received Olopatadine (0.2%) and Ketorolac (0.4%)combination eye drops twice daily for 8 weeks. The Quality of Life Questionnaire (QUICK) is a reliable and validated which wasassessed at baseline and at the time of follow up at 8 weeks. QUICK Questionnaire scores range from 30 to 90 with higher valuesrepresenting greater impairment. A decrease in QUICK Questionnaire score is clinically meaningful to the patients.The results showed that after the 2 months of drug therapy, patients in both the groups showed decrease in the quality of lifescoring of VKC. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two treatment groups at 8th week. It maybe concluded that both bepotastine besilate versus olopatadine and Ketorolac combination ophthalmic solutions were found to beeffective in alleviating the clinical symptoms and signs of VKC. Hence, improving the quality of life of VKC patients.Keywords: Mast cell stabilizer, Topical NSAIDs, Newer H1-antihistaminics, Vernal keratoconjunctivitis, Quality of life
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Background: Epilepsy is a challenging medical problem in India with an annual incidence of 27.27 per 100,000 population and prevalence of 572.8 per 100,000. People with epilepsy require prolonged treatment and monitoring. The main goal in the treatment of epilepsy should be adequate control of seizures, without causing any life-threatening reactions due to the medications. This study was done to get an insight into the prescription pattern of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) in different types of epilepsy.Methods: A prospective study was carried out for six months (Feb to June 2016) in admitted patients in super speciality ward (Lala Shyam Lal) in neurology department of PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana. The prescription data of 100 patients of seizures was analysed.Results: Idiopathic generalised epilepsy was commonest type of epilepsy (42%) and sodium valproate was the commonest drug prescribed for its treatment (66.66%) followed by phenytoin (23.33%) Symptomatic epilepsy was second commonest seizure (30%) and phenytoin (60%) was the commonest drug prescribed for it followed by sodium valproate (30%). Common adverse effects associated with anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) were nausea, drowsiness, weight gain, diplopia and ataxia.Conclusions: Idiopathic generalized epilepsy was the commonest type of epilepsy recorded and sodium valproate was the commonest prescribed drug.