Advances on pathogenesis of acquired peritoneal ultrafiltration failure in peritoneal dialysis / 中华肾脏病杂志

Peritoneal ultrafiltration failure is a common reason for peritoneal dialysis (PD) withdrawal as well as mortality in PD patients. Based on the three-pore system, inter-cellular small pores and trans-cellular ultra-small pores (aquaporin-1) are mainly responsible for water transfer across the peritoneum. Both small and ultra-small pores-dependent water (free water) transport decline accompanied with time on PD, with more significant decrease in free water, resulting in peritoneal ultrafiltration failure. The reduction of free water transport is associated with fast peritoneal solute transfer, reduced crystalloid osmotic gradient due to increased interstitial glucose absorption, and declined osmotic conductance to glucose resulted from impaired aquaporin-1 function and peritoneal interstitial fibrosis. The decline of small pore-based water is mainly because of fast loss of crystalloid osmotic gradient, decrease of hydrostatic pressure mediated by peritoneal vasculopathy, as well as reduced absolute number of small pores. The current review discusses the advance on pathogenesis of acquired peritoneal ultrafiltration failure in long-term PD.

Construction of continuous nursing program for children with congenital imperforate anus based on 5W1H analysis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:Based on the framework of 5W1H analysis, to establish the continuous nursing project by delphi expert consultation method for children with congenital imperforate anus after discharge.Methods:This study is observational. Through the literature review, qualitative interview and group discussion to establish the expert correspondence questionnaire from April 2021 to March 2022. Delphi consultation was applied to experts for two rounds of expert consultation, to evaluate the initiative, authority and coordination of expert opinions.Results:Two rounds of expert consultation were carried out with 20 experts.The response rates of two rounds of expert questionnaires were 19/20 and 20/20 respectively, the expert authority coefficients were 0.873 and 0.893 respectively, and the Kendall′s coefficients were 0.311 and 0.405 respectively. The coordination of expert opinions was statistically significant ( P<0.05); After two rounds of expert consultation, it was finally determined that the continuing care plan for children with anal atresia included three first-level indicators (composition and responsibilities of continuing care personnel, implementation methods of continuing care, and implementation content of continuing care), 23 second-level indicators, and 46 third-level indicators. Conclusions:This study have high enthusiasm and authority of experts, and concentrated expert opinions on various indicators. The results are reliable, scientific and comprehensive, which will provide a basis for clinical medical staff to carry out the continuous nursing of children with congenital imperforate anus.

Acyl-CoA synthase ACSL4: an essential target in ferroptosis and fatty acid metabolism / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Long-chain acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthase 4 (ACSL4) is an enzyme that esterifies CoA into specific polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid and adrenic acid. Based on accumulated evidence, the ACSL4-catalyzed biosynthesis of arachidonoyl-CoA contributes to the execution of ferroptosis by triggering phospholipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death caused by iron-dependent peroxidation of lipids; ACSL4 and glutathione peroxidase 4 positively and negatively regulate ferroptosis, respectively. In addition, ACSL4 is an essential regulator of fatty acid (FA) metabolism. ACSL4 remodels the phospholipid composition of cell membranes, regulates steroidogenesis, and balances eicosanoid biosynthesis. In addition, ACSL4-mediated metabolic reprogramming and antitumor immunity have attracted much attention in cancer biology. Because it facilitates the cross-talk between ferroptosis and FA metabolism, ACSL4 is also a research hotspot in metabolic diseases and ischemia/reperfusion injuries. In this review, we focus on the structure, biological function, and unique role of ASCL4 in various human diseases. Finally, we propose that ACSL4 might be a potential therapeutic target.

Advances on pathogenesis of acquired peritoneal ultrafiltration failure in peritoneal dialysis / 中华肝脏病杂志

Peritoneal ultrafiltration failure is a common reason for peritoneal dialysis (PD) withdrawal as well as mortality in PD patients. Based on the three-pore system, inter-cellular small pores and trans-cellular ultra-small pores (aquaporin-1) are mainly responsible for water transfer across the peritoneum. Both small and ultra-small pores-dependent water (free water) transport decline accompanied with time on PD, with more significant decrease in free water, resulting in peritoneal ultrafiltration failure. The reduction of free water transport is associated with fast peritoneal solute transfer, reduced crystalloid osmotic gradient due to increased interstitial glucose absorption, and declined osmotic conductance to glucose resulted from impaired aquaporin-1 function and peritoneal interstitial fibrosis. The decline of small pore-based water is mainly because of fast loss of crystalloid osmotic gradient, decrease of hydrostatic pressure mediated by peritoneal vasculopathy, as well as reduced absolute number of small pores. The current review discusses the advance on pathogenesis of acquired peritoneal ultrafiltration failure in long-term PD.

Correlation Analysis of Molecularly-Defined Cortical Interneuron Populations with Morpho-Electric Properties in Layer V of Mouse Neocortex / 神经科学通报·英文版

Cortical interneurons can be categorized into distinct populations based on multiple modalities, including molecular signatures and morpho-electrical (M/E) properties. Recently, many transcriptomic signatures based on single-cell RNA-seq have been identified in cortical interneurons. However, whether different interneuron populations defined by transcriptomic signature expressions correspond to distinct M/E subtypes is still unknown. Here, we applied the Patch-PCR approach to simultaneously obtain the M/E properties and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of >600 interneurons in layer V of the mouse somatosensory cortex (S1). Subsequently, we identified 11 M/E subtypes, 9 neurochemical cell populations (NCs), and 20 transcriptomic cell populations (TCs) in this cortical lamina. Further analysis revealed that cells in many NCs and TCs comprised several M/E types and were difficult to clearly distinguish morpho-electrically. A similar analysis of layer V interneurons of mouse primary visual cortex (V1) and motor cortex (M1) gave results largely comparable to S1. Comparison between S1, V1, and M1 suggested that, compared to V1, S1 interneurons were morpho-electrically more similar to M1. Our study reveals the presence of substantial M/E variations in cortical interneuron populations defined by molecular expression.

A preliminary discussion on carnosine dipeptidase 1 as a potential novel biomarker for the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To explore carnosine dipeptidase 1 (CNDP1) potential value as a diagnostic and prognostic evaluator of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: A gene chip and GO analysis were used to screen the candidate marker molecule CNDP1 for HCC diagnosis. 125 cases of HCC cancer tissues, 85 cases of paracancerous tissues, 125 cases of liver cirrhosis tissues, 32 cases of relatively normal liver tissue at the extreme end of hepatic hemangioma, 66 cases from serum samples of HCC, and 82 cases of non-HCC were collected. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect the differences in mRNA and protein expression levels of CNDP1 in HCC tissue and serum. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Kaplan-Meier survival were used to analyze and evaluate the value of CNDP1 in the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC patients. Results: The expression level of CNDP1 was significantly reduced in HCC cancer tissues. The levels of CNDP1 were significantly lower in the cancer tissues and serum of HCC patients than those in liver cirrhosis patients and normal controls. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of serum CNDP1 in the diagnosis of HCC patients was 0.753 2 (95% CI 0.676-0.830 5), and the sensitivity and specificity were 78.79% and 62.5%, respectively. The combined detection of serum CNDP1 and serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.820 6, 95% CI 0.753 5-0.887 8). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of serum CNDP1 for AFP-negative HCC patients were 73.68% and 68.75% (AUC = 0.793 1, 95% CI 0.708 8-0.877 4), respectively. In addition, the level of serum CNDP1 distinguished small liver cancer (tumor diameter < 3 cm) (AUC = 0.757 1, 95% CI 0.637 4-0.876 8). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that CNDP1 was associated with a poor prognosis in HCC patients. Conclusion: CNDP1 may be a potential biomarker for the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of HCC, and it has certain complementarity with serum AFP.

Analysis of clinical characteristics and risk factors of hepatic fibrosis in children with chronic hepatitis B combined with metabolic-related fatty liver disease / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To compare the clinical and pathological features of children with chronic viral hepatitis B combined with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (CHB-MAFLD) and chronic viral hepatitis B alone (CHB alone), and to further explore the effect of MAFLD on the progression of hepatic fibrosis in CHB. Methods: 701 initially treated CHB children confirmed by liver biopsy admitted to the Fifth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital from January 2010 to December 2021 were collected continuously. They were divided into CHB-MAFLD and CHB-alone groups according to whether they were combined with MAFLD. A retrospective case-control study was conducted. CHB-MAFLD was used as the case group, and 1:2 propensity score matching was performed with the CHB alone group according to age and gender, including 56 cases in the CHB-MAFLD group and 112 cases in the CHB alone group. The body mass index (BMI), metabolic complications, laboratory indicators, and pathological characteristics of liver tissue were compared between the two groups. The related factors affecting liver disease progression in CHB were analyzed by a binary logistic regression model. The measurement data between groups were compared using the t-test and rank sum test. The χ (2) test was used for the comparison of categorical data between groups. Results: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, P = 0.032) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST, P = 0.003) levels were lower in the CHB-MAFLD group than those in the CHB alone group, while BMI (P < 0.001), triglyceride (TG, P < 0.001), total cholesterol (P = 0.016) and the incidence of metabolic syndrome (P < 0.001) were higher in the CHB alone group. There were no statistically significant differences in HBsAg quantification or HBV DNA load between the two groups (P > 0.05). Histologically, the proportion of significant liver fibrosis (S2-S4) was higher in the CHB-MAFLD group than that in the CHB alone group (67.9% vs. 49.1%, χ (2) = 5.311, P = 0.021). Multivariate regression results showed that BMI (OR = 1.258, 95% CI: 1.145 ~ 1.381, P = 0.001) and TG (OR = 12.334, 95% CI: 3.973 ~ 38.286, P < 0.001) were the risk factors for hepatic steatosis occurrence in children with CHB. MAFLD (OR = 4.104, 95% CI: 1.703 ~ 9.889, P = 0.002), liver inflammation (OR = 3.557, 95% CI: 1.553 ~ 8.144, P = 0.003), and γ-glutamyl transferase (OR = 1.019, 95% CI: 1.001 to 1.038, P = 0.038) were independent risk factors for significant hepatic fibrosis in children with CH. Conclusion: MAFLD occurrence is related to metabolic factors in children with CHB. Additionally, the combination of MAFLD may promote liver fibrosis progression in CHB patients.

Significance of histological assessment in drug-induced liver injury / 中华肝脏病杂志

Liver histological assessment is of great clinical significance for the diagnosis, classification, and prognosis prediction of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Liver histological evaluation can effectively supplement RUCAM. The clinical phenotypes of DILI are complex and diverse, including acute, chronic and severe hepatic injury. DILI has multiple insult-targets, including hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and vascular endothelial cells and others. The pathological damage patterns are similar to many types of non-DILI liver diseases, therefore making differential diagnosis difficult. New anti-tumor drugs such as immune checkpoints inhibitors and targeted therapy are widely used in clinical antineoplastic practice, thus the growing incidence of related liver injury occurs. Liver histological examination can effectively assess the pathological phenotypes and severity of DILI, so as to guide treatment. In uncommon conditions such as special types of DILI (such as hepatic vascular disease), DILI with other competitive etiology overlapping, chronic DILI, and DILI induced liver failure, liver histological assessment can provide strong support for identifying the cause, rational treatment, and prognosis. Currently, the histological evaluation system for drug-induced liver injury seems to be a lack of consensus, and the diagnosis of DILI is short of highly specific and sensitive serological markers. All in all, liver histological assessment plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of DILI.

Characteristics of the left heart structure and function in 86 term neonates with intrauterine growth restriction / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the left heart structure and functional characteristics of term neonates with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).@*METHODS@#This study included 86 term neonates with IUGR admitted to the Neonatal Ward of Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2019 to January 2022 as the IUGR group, as well as randomly selected 86 term neonates without IUGR born during the same period as the non-IUGR group. The clinical data and echocardiographic data were compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#The analysis of left heart structure and function showed that compared with the non-IUGR group, the IUGR group had significantly lower left ventricular mass, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, left atrial diameter, end-diastolic interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular end-systolic volume, and stroke volume (P<0.05) and significantly higher ratio of end-diastolic interventricular septal thickness to left ventricular posterior wall thickness, proportion of neonates with a mitral peak E/A ratio of ≥1, and cardiac index (P<0.05). The Spearman correlation analysis suggested that stroke volume was positively correlated with birth weight and body surface area (rs=0.241 and 0.241 respectively; P<0.05) and that the ratio of end-diastolic interventricular septal thickness to left ventricular posterior wall thickness was negatively correlated with birth weight and body surface area (rs=-0.229 and -0.225 respectively; P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The left ventricular systolic function of neonates with IUGR is not significantly different from that of neonates without IUGR. However, the ventricular septum is thicker in neonates with IUGR. This change is negatively correlated with birth weight and body surface area. The left ventricular diastolic function may be impaired in neonates with IUGR.

Study on the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into islet-like cell masses under co-culture conditions / 中华胰腺病杂志

Objective:To examine the possibility of the differentiation into islet-like cell clusters from the co-culture system of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and islet cells.Methods:Rat BMSCs from the femur and tibia of Wistar rats were isolated and purified taken under aseptic conditions; the surface markers CD 44 and CD 90 expressions of BMSCs were detected by flow cytometry; and alizarin red staining and oil red O staining were used to identify the cells induced in the osteogenic direction and adipogenic direction, respectively. Rat islet cells from the pancreas of Wistar rats were isolated and purified; and dithiazone staining was performed for validation. The basal insulin level of the culture was detected by ELISA method. 5.6mmol/L (low glucose) and 25.0 mmol/L (high glucosa) glucose were added to the culture, respectively, and insulin release was detected by ELISA. 5-generation BMSCs and islet cells were collected and divided randomly into stem cell culture alone group (stem cell group), stem cell-islet co-culture group (co-culture group), and islet culture alone group (islet group). The morphological changes of BMSCs during co-culture were observed using an inverted phase contrast microscope; basal insulin secretion and insulin secretion stimulated by low and high glucose were tested by ELISA. Insulin protein expression in induced islet-like cell masses in co-culture group were detected by immunocytochemical staining. The ultrastructure of islet-like cells was observed by using transmission electron microscopy. Results:The positive rates of CD 44 and CD 90 were 99.48% and 99.50%, respectively; BMSCs were induced the formation of multiple calcium nodules outside the differentiation cells in the osteogenic direction, and many lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of differentiated cells in the adipogenic direction. Dithiazone staining showed that β cells in pancreatic islet were brown red and about 450 islets could be obtained per pancreas with a mean purity up to 80%. The insulin release in the low sugar group and the high sugar group were (7.105±1.551) mIU/ml and (20.231±1.592) mIU/ml, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). It can be seen that local stem cells began to gather and grow upward into small clumps in the budding manner until finally forming a spherical islet-like cell cluster structure after 7 days of culture in the co-culture group. The basal insulin secretion in the stem cell group was <0.5 mIU/L. In the islet group, insulin secretion peaked on the 5th day and then gradually decreased to about 20% of the highest value on the 13th day. The insulin level of the co-culture group peaked on the 5th day, and the 13th day remained at about 40% of the peak level. There were statistically significant differences on basal insulin secretion on the 8th, 10th and 13th day between islet group and co-culture group (all P value >0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the insulin release by islet in islet group under the stimulation of low and high sugar and that by islet-like cell cluster in co-culture group. There were a large number of brownish-yellow granules in the islet-like cell clusters after the co-culture for 14 days; and there were more secretory granules and coarse endoplasmic reticulum in the ultrastructure, showing more active protein secretion functions. Conclusions:The co-culture system of BMSCs and islet cells could induce BMSCs into differentiating into islet-like cell clusters, which can express insulin protein and had relatively mature function of insulin secretion.

Sesquiterpenoids and iridoids from Valeriana jatamansi with anti-inflammatory and anti-influenza virus properties / 药学学报

Three sesquiterpenoids and nine iridoids were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Valeriana jatamansi by various chromatographic methods. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties, NMR and MS data. Among them, valeriananoid G (1) was a new patchoulol-type sesquiterpenoid, and compound 3 was isolated from the genus Valeriana for the first time. Compounds 3 and 10 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW 264.7 macrophages, with IC50 values of 19.00 and 3.66 μmol·L-1, respectively. In addition, compounds 4, 6 and 12 showed anti-influenza virus activity with IC50 values of 51.75, 51.40 and 102.08 μmol·L-1, respectively.

Application of MRI Water-Fat Separation Technology in Patients with Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical significance of magnetic resonance imaging water-fat separation (Dixon) technique in patients with multiple myeloma.@*METHODS@#A total of 41 newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma who underwent Dixon in The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from April 2019 to April 2021 were included in this study. Patients were divided into observation group and control group according to whether Dixon performance was normal or not. The differences of clinical data and fat fraction (FF) between the two groups were compared. The correlation between FF and clinical data, disease stages and differences before and after treatment were also compared. The receiver operator characteristic curve of patients was drawn to analyze the diagnostic value of FF combined with serum alkaline phosphatase for bone destruction in patients with multiple myeloma.@*RESULTS@#Among the 41 patients, there were 12 cases in the control group and 29 cases in the observation group. There was no significant difference in age and sex between the two groups. In the observation group, β2-microglobulin concentration and M protein were significantly higher than those in the control group, while serum alkaline phosphatase and FF were lower (P<0.05). In all 41 patients included in the study, there was a significant negative correlation between FF value and β2-microglobulin concentration (r=-0.57), and a significant positive correlation between FF value and serum alkaline phosphatase (r=0.31). After treatment, FF value increased, while myeloma cell percentage, β2-microglobulin concentration and M protein decreased in 11 patients who completed 4 cycles of chemotherapy, and the differences before and after treatment were statistically significant (P<0.05). The value of serum alkaline phosphatase combined with FF value in predicting bone destruction is higher than that of FF value or serum alkaline phosphatase alone.@*CONCLUSION@#Dixon's different imaging manifestations can reflect the severity of the disease. FF value is correlated with clinical examination results and R-ISS staging, and there is a significant difference before and after treatment. Serum alkaline phosphatase combined with FF value is better than two indicators alone in predicting bone destruction.

Clinical features of intestinal polyps and risk factors for secondary intussusception in children: an analysis of 2 669 cases / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the clinical features of intestinal polyps and the risk factors for secondary intussusception in children.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed for the medical data of 2 669 children with intestinal polyps. According to the presence or absence of secondary intussusception, they were divided into two groups: intussusception (n=346) and non-intussusception (n=2 323). Related medical data were compared between the two groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for secondary intussusception.@*RESULTS@#Among the children with intestinal polyps, 62.42% were preschool children, and the male/female ratio was 2.08∶1; 92.66% had hematochezia as disease onset, and 94.34% had left colonic polyps and rectal polyps. There were 346 cases of secondary intussusception, with an incidence rate of 12.96% (346/2 669). Large polyps (OR=1.644, P<0.001), multiple polyps (≥2) (OR=6.034, P<0.001), and lobulated polyps (OR=93.801, P<0.001) were the risk factors for secondary intussusception.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Intestinal polyps in children often occur in preschool age, mostly in boys, and most of the children have hematochezia as disease onset, with the predilection sites of the left colon and the rectum. Larger polyps, multiple polyps, and lobulated polyps may increase the risk of secondary intussusception, and endoscopic intervention is needed as early as possible to improve prognosis.

The reference value of ultrasonography image features, elastography and serum TSH levels in preoperative diagnosis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the reference value of ultrasonography (US) image features, elastography and serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in preoperative diagnosis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).Methods:Retrospective analysis was conducted to collect clinical data of patients undergoing thyroid surgery in the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from September 2018 to January 2020. All patients underwent conventional ultrasound, elastography examination and serum TSH level measurement before surgery; patients were divided into benign group and DTC group according to the results of pathological results of the operation, and the US image features and elasticity score were analyzed by chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression to evaluate the causes of DTC; a multivariate logistic regression model was established and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn with the regression model, by analyzing the area under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, the reference value of US image features, elastography and serum TSH levels in the preoperative diagnosis of DTC were judged.Results:Clinical data of 81 patients were collected, including 17 men and 64 women, aged (48.72 ± 10.58) years. In benign group, there were 37 cases, including 10 men and 27 women, with age of (53.24 ± 9.59) years; there were 44 patients in DTC group, including 7 men and 37 women, with age of (44.91 ± 9.95) years old, the age difference between benign group and DTC group was significant ( t = 3.822, P < 0.05), while the gender difference was not statistically significant (χ 2 = 1.498, P > 0.05). There were significant differences in the number, size, echo level, microcalcification, aspect ratio and elasticity score between benign group and DTC group (χ 2 = 49.000, 4.457, 32.111, 5.444, 4.457, 49.926, P < 0.05); multivariate logistic analysis showed that hypoecho, microcalcification, aspect ratio > 1 and elasticity score were risk factors for DTC ( OR = 8.042, 4.787, 4.160, 2.380, P < 0.05), the ROC curve of the multivariate logistic regression model showed that the AUC was 0.841 (95% CI = 0.743 - 0.939), sensitivity was 90.91%, specificity was 72.97%, and accuracy was 82.72%; the AUC of serum TSH level prediction of DTC showed that the AUC was 0.721 ( P < 0.05), sensitivity was 72.70%, specificity was 64.90%, accuracy was 54.30%, and TSH best cut-off value was 2.215 μU/ml. Conclusion:In the preoperative diagnosis of DTC, US image features, elastography and serum TSH levels are of important clinical reference value for diagnosis of DTC, and the establishment of multivariate logistic regression model is conducive in improving the clinicians prediction of the occurrence of DTC.

Correlation of Platelet, D-Dimer and Procalcitonin With Acute Cholangitis / 胃肠病学

Background: Early diagnosis and severity assessment of acute cholangitis is an important means to improve the prognosis of acute cholangitis. Aims: To investigate the clinical value of serum platelet (PLT), D-dimer (D-D) and procalcitonin (PCT) for severity assessment in patients with acute cholangitis. Methods: A total of 96 patients with acute cholangitis were enrolled, and were divided into mild group (n=40), moderate group (n=32), severe group (n=24). Levels of serum PLT, D-D and PCT were compared among the three groups. ROC curve was used to verify the predictive value for the severity assessment of acute cholangitis. Results: The serum levels of D-D and PCT increased with the increase of severity of acute cholangitis, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The serum level of PLT decreased with the increase of severity of acute cholangitis, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that serum levels of D-D, PCT was positively correlated with severity of acute cholangitis, while serum level of PLT was negatively correlated with severity of acute cholangitis (P<0.05). When the cut-off values were 135.6×10

Effect of early acupuncture on cognitive function in patients with vascular dementia after cerebral infarction / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical efficacy of early acupuncture for vascular dementia (VD) after cerebral infarction, and explore its possible mechanism.@*METHODS@#A total of 120 patients with VD after cerebral infarction were randomized into an acupuncture combined with medication group (60 cases, 1 case dropped off) and a western medication group (60 cases, 1 case dropped off). In the western medication group, oxiracetam capsules were given orally, 2 capsules each time, 3 times a day. On the basis of the treatment as the western medication group, @*RESULTS@#The total effective rate was 89.8% (53/59) in the acupuncture combined with medication group, which was superior to 76.3% (45/59) in the western medication group (@*CONCLUSION@#Early acupuncture could improve cognitive function and activities of daily living in patients with VD after cerebral infarction, its mechanism may be related to improving the blood flow velocity of MCA, promoting blood circulation, and improving cerebral perfusion.

Effect of electroacupuncture on lumbar disc herniation with different multifidus fatty infiltration rates / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture on lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with different multifidus fatty infiltration rates.@*METHODS@#A total of 108 eligible LDH patients received MRI test before treatment and the multifidus fatty infiltration rate (FI) was measured. According to theresults, they were divided to group A (FI20%), 36 cases in each one. EA was provided in all of the groups. The selected acupoints were Jiaji (EX-B 2) from L@*RESULTS@#Compared with before treatment, ODI score was reduced (@*CONCLUSION@#Electroacupuncture relieves pain and improves physical and psychological health of LDH patients. Multifidus fatty infiltration rate is probably one of the factors to influence the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture.

Application of early exercise safety management in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of early exercise safety management in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit (ICU).Methods:A prospective historical control observation was conducted. Forty-five patients with severe respiratory failure undergoing mechanical ventilation admitted to the ICU of Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from April to June in 2019 were enrolled in the observation group and implemented early exercise safety management, including establishing multidisciplinary safety management team with ICU doctors, ICU nurses, respiratory therapists, rehabilitation therapists, dietitians and psychological consultants to jointly develop early exercise plan; equipping with sports and safety protection equipment; assessing the early exercise risks, formulating early exercise prescriptions; formulating the nutritional and psychological prescriptions; carrying out the propaganda and education in the early exercise process of patients and communicating with patients timely; strengthening team training. Other 45 patients with severe respiratory failure admitted for mechanical ventilation from January to March in 2019 were enrolled in the control group, whose gender, age and artificial airway conditions were matched with those in the observation group. Routine mechanical ventilation nursing was performed, including condition monitoring, medication nursing, environmental management and routine examination assistance. The improvement of depression, anxiety, comfort, lung function, and quality of life before and after nursing intervention were observed, and the occurrence of complications was recorded.Results:There was no significant difference in gender, age or artificial airway conditions between the two groups. Before nursing intervention, there was no significant difference in depression, anxiety, comfort, lung function and quality of life between the two groups. After the intervention of different nursing programs, the above conditions of the two groups were significantly improved, and the improvement was more significant in the observation group, which showed that the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD) score and forced vital capacity (FVC) of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group [HAD score: 10.80±2.54 vs. 17.51±3.66, FVC (L): 1.81±0.42 vs. 2.23±0.39, both P < 0.01], while the general comfort questionnaire (GCQ) score, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, FEV1 percentage of predicted (FEV1%) and each dimension score of 36-item short form health survey (SF-36) scale were significantly higher than those of the control group [GCQ score: 110.87±5.33 vs. 96.93±3.02, FEV1 (L): 1.99±0.37 vs. 1.71±0.15, FEV1/FVC ratio: 0.88±0.04 vs. 0.84±0.03, FEV1%: (88.98±8.57)% vs. (80.41±4.45)%, mental function score: 49.74±9.88 vs. 40.17±8.95, physical function score: 27.65±9.46 vs. 20.32±9.53, social relationship score: 62.14±6.33 vs. 50.28±8.76, general health score: 38.61±8.48 vs. 30.63±8.93, all P < 0.01]. The overall incidence of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (24.44% vs. 57.78%, P < 0.01). Conclusions:Early exercise safety management scheme for patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in ICU can improve clinical efficacy and reduce complications. At the same time, it can further standardize the behaviors of medical staff and ensure the early exercise.

The clinical value of cerebrospinal fluid tumor necrosis factor-α and resolvin D1 in neonatal purulent meningitis / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective To study the clinical value of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and resolvin D1 (RvD1) concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of neonatal purulent meningitis(NPM).Method From June 2016 to June 2017,neonates of suspected NPM admitted to the neonatology department of our hospital were studied prospectively.Their CSF was examined before the use of antibiotics.The patients were assigned into NPM group and non-NPM group.After 7 to 10 days of treatment,according to the clinical symptoms and the reexamination results of CSF,patients in the NPM group were further assigned into the improved group and the unimproved group.The levels of TNF-α and RvD1 in CSF were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method,and SPSS 22.0 was used for statistical analysis.Result A total of 23 patients were included in the NPM group (18 in the improved group and 5 in the unimproved group) and 30 in the non-NPM group.The levels of TNF-α and RvD1 in the CSF of the NPM group were higher than the non-NPM group [TNF-α:(0.263 ±0.088) pg/ml vs.(0.087 ±0.001) pg/ml,RvD1:(2.017 ± 0.171) pg/ml vs.(0.563 ±0.048) pg/ml] (P ＜0.05).After 7 to 10 days of treatment,TNF-α and RvD1 decreased in the improved NPM group[TNF-α:0.083 (0.078,0.111) pg/ml vs.0.122 (0.098,0.214) pg/ml,RvD1:1.242 (0.740,2.098) pg/ml vs.1.791 (1.371,2.804) pg/ml] (P ＜ 0.05),and increased in the unimproved NPM group [TNF-α:2.239 (1.309,2.806) pg/ml vs.0.102 (0.100,1.312) pg/ml,RvD1:2.614 (1.265,2.940) pg/ml vs.0.139 (0.103,0.276) pg/ml] (P ＜ 0.05).The reexamination results of TNF-oα in the NPM group were lower than the examination results before the use of antibiotics of the non-NPM group,and RvD1 higher than the non-NPM group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion TNF-α and RvD1 in CSF have clinical value for the early diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of NPM.

Mechanism of the activation of hepatic stellate cells: An exploration of new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for liver fibrosis / 临床肝胆病杂志

Liver fibrosis has a complex pathogenesis, and at present, the research mainly focuses on hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Many stimulating factors and regulatory pathways have been found to promote the activation of HSC. This article reviews the recent research findings on several major cytokines and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and research hotspots in recent years, including the association of microRNAs, long non-coding RNA, and exosomes with HSC activation. This article also introduces potential targets for the treatment of liver fibrosis and new markers for noninvasive diagnosis of liver diseases and proposes that chemical drugs or traditional Chinese medicine compounds which act on the targets of HSC activation can be formulated, in order to make a breakthrough in the therapeutics of liver fibrosis.