Iodine nutritional status of children and pregnant women in 37 coastal counties (cities and districts) of Shandong Province in 2021 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To learn about the prevalence of iodized salt in coastal counties (cities and districts, hereinafter referred to as counties) of Shandong Province, evaluate the iodine nutritional status of children and pregnant women, so as to provide data support for timely targeted prevention and control measures and scientific adjustment of intervention strategies.Methods:In 2021, in 37 coastal counties of Shandong Province, one township was selected from each of the five directions of the east, west, south, north, and middle of each county, one primary school was selected from each township, 40 non-boarding students aged 6 - 12 years old were selected from each primary school. In addition, 20 pregnant women were selected from each township. Children's and pregnant women's household salt samples and urine samples were collected to detect salt iodine and urinary iodine contents. The children from 19 counties selected from the 37 coastal counties of Shandong Province were examined by B-mode ultrasound, and the goiter rate of children was calculated.Results:Totally 7 736 household edible salt samples from the children were tested, and the coverage rate of iodized salt, iodized salt qualified rate and qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 74.3% (5 746/7 736), 74.3% (4 267/5 746) and 55.2% (4 267/7 736), respectively. A total of 7 740 urine samples were collected from the children, the median urinary iodine was 174.0 μg/L. A total of 4 344 children were selected for thyroid examination, and the goiter rate was 3.0% (131/4 344). Totally 4 513 household edible salt samples from the pregnant women were tested, and the coverage rate of iodized salt, iodized salt qualified rate and qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 83.7% (3 779/4 513), 77.6% (2 933/3 779) and 65.0% (2 933/4 513), respectively. A total of 7 740 urine samples were collected from the pregnant women, the median urinary iodine was 133.5 μg/L.Conclusions:Children in 37 coastal counties of Shandong Province are generally at the appropriate level of iodine, but pregnant women still have the risk of iodine deficiency. Comprehensive prevention and control measures for iodine deficiency disorders need to be continuously implemented to consolidate and deepen the achievements of iodine deficiency prevention and control.

Two new isoquinoline alkaloids from Corydalis hendersonii / 中国中药杂志

Corydalis hendersonii(CH) is a Tibetan folk medicine with the functions of clearing heat, detoxifying, cooling blood, checking diarrhea, and lowering blood pressure. It is often used to treat high altitude polycythemia, vasculitis, peptic ulcer, and diarrhea. Nine compounds were separated from the ethanol extract of CH by silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified as hendersine H(1),hendersine I(2), dehydrocheilanthifoline(3), protopine(4), izmirine(5), 6,7-methylenedioxy-1(2H)-isoquinolinone(6), icariside D_2(7), ethyl 4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-methoxybenzoate(8), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid(9), respectively, by the spectroscopic data analysis and comparison with those in the literature. Among them, compounds 1 and 2 are new isoquinoline alkaloids, and compounds 7-9 are reported the first time for Corydalis. The hypoglycemic model of H9c2 cardiomyocytes and the inflammatory model of H9c2 cardiomyocytes induced by conditional supernatant were employed to determine the activities of the above compounds. The results showed that 20 μmol·L~(-1) compound 1 had a protective effect on H9c2 cardiomyocytes and 10 μmol·L~(-1) compounds 4 and 5 inhibited H9c2 cardiomyocyte inflammation induced by conditional supernatant.

HIV-1 Transmission among Injecting Drug Users is Principally Derived from Local Circulating Strains in Guangxi, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#The mode of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission via injection drug use (IDU) still exists, and the recent shift in IDU-related transmission of HIV infection is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze the spatiotemporal sources and dynamics of HIV-1 transmission through IDU in Guangxi.@*METHODS@#We performed a molecular epidemiological investigation of infections across Guangxi from 2009 to 2019. Phylogenetic and Bayesian time-geographic analyses of HIV-1 sequences were performed to confirm the characteristics of transmission between IDUs in combination with epidemiological data.@*RESULTS@#Among the 535 subjects, CRF08_BC (57.4%), CRF01_AE (28.4%), and CRF07_BC (10.7%) were the top 3 HIV strains; 72.6% of infections were linked to other provinces in the transmission network; 93.6% of sequence-transmitted strains were locally endemic, with the rest coming from other provinces, predominantly Guangdong and Yunnan; 92.1% of the HIV transmission among people who inject drugs tended to be transmitted between HIV-positive IDUs.@*CONCLUSION@#HIV recombinants were high diversity, and circulating local strains were the transmission sources among IDUs in Guangxi. However, there were still cases of IDUs linked to other provinces. Coverage of traditional prevention strategies should be expanded, and inter-provincial collaboration between Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guangdong provinces should be strengthened.

Progress in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiation for treating rectal cancer using multimodal functional imaging and radiomics technologies / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Conventional imaging techniques, digital rectal examination, and endoscopy previously used to predict the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiation for treating rectal cancer are mainly based on the morphological information of tumors, but their treatment efficacy was not satisfying. In comparison, functional parameters are added into functional imaging and radiomics technologies such as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE-MRI), and positron emission computed tomography (PET-CT) based on the morphological information of tumors. These technologies cover rich biological information of tumors and can reflect the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy of rectal cancer patients before the morphology of tumors changes. This paper reviews the progress made in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiation for treating rectal cancer using functional imaging and radiomics technologies.

Diagnostic value of ultrasound in fetal posterior fossa anomalies at 11-13 + 6 gestational weeks / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of ultrasound in posterior fossa anomalies (PFA) at 11-13 + 6 gestational weeks by measuring brainstem (BS), brainstem-to-occipital bone (BSOB) diameter and BS/BSOB ratio. Methods:A total of 209 normal fetuses (control group) were randomly selected from Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, between March 2018 and November 2021. Reference ranges for BS, BSOB diameter and BS/BSOB ratio were obtained on the mid-sagittal view of the fetal profile and the relationship of three parameters and crown-rump length (CRL) was investigated. The intra- and inter-observer reliabilities were determined by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in 30 normal fetuses. Fourteen fetuses diagnosed with PFA in the same period including 10 cases of cystic posterior fossa malformations (cPFM) and 4 cases of open spine bifida (OSB) were retrospectively selected to compare BS, BSOB diameter and the BS/BSOB ratio with control group.Results:BS and BSOB diameters were successfully obtained in all control fetuses (100%), and the intra- and inter-observer reliabilities for BS and BSOB diameters were good (ICC=0.877, 0.846 and 0.939, 0.895). In the control group, BS and BSOB diameter linearly correlated with CRL ( r=0.867, 0.794; all P<0.001), while the BS/BSOB ratio was 0.75 (0.71, 0.79). There were significant differences of BSOB diameter and BS/BSOB ratio between control group and PFA group (all P<0.05). Except for one isolated vermian hypoplasia (VH), the BSOB diameters in 9 (90%) cases of cPFM were above the 95th percentile of the calculated normal range and were below the 5th percentile in 4(100%) cases of OSB.Except for one isolated VH, the BS/BSOB ratio in 9 (90%) cases of cPFM was below the 5th percentile of the calculated normal range. The BS/BSOB ratio in 4 (100%) cases of OSB was above the 95th percentile of the calculated normal range. Conclusions:The measurements of BS and BSOB diameter are feasible with good repeatability. Abnormal BSOB diameter and BS/BSOB ratio are suggestive for PFA. The posterior fossa of isolated VH can be normal in the first trimester.

Neonatal referral in a primary hospital under the background of regional neonatal transport network / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:To analyze the cases referred to a higher-level hospital from the Department of Neonatology in a primary hospital, and evaluate the efficiency of clinical works related to the referrals.Methods:Data of neonates admitted to the Department of Neonatology at Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Dabu County from January 2018 to December 2020 and referred to the superior hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 1 670 neonates were included and 128 neonates were referred.The median age of the neonates referred was 0.5 hours(0 hours, 25 days), the median gestational age was 38 + 3(29 + 1, 42 + 4) weeks, the median weight was 3 000(1 250, 4 800) g, and the transport distance was 78 km.Twenty-four cases were assessed as critical cases before the referral, 125 cases were improved and discharged after treatment in the superior hospital, and three cases died.The referral rate in 2018, 2019 and 2020 showed a downward trend year by year (10.3%, 7.6% and 4.0%, respectively), and the difference was statistically significant( χ2=14.362, P=0.001). The proportion of critical cases in referral cases increased year by year (9.4%, 23.9% and 38.9%, respectively), and the difference was statistically significant( χ2=9.289, P=0.010). The incidence of critical case was higher in those whose mothers didn′t have regular prenatal examination during pregnancy( χ2=5.129, P=0.032). Conclusion:The ability of neonatal treatment in primary hospitals has been improved.The neonates need to be referred and critical cases are not rare in primary hospitals.More attention should be paid to the safety and effectiveness of the regional transport network.Also, enhancing the health awareness of residents and improving the primary medical technics are important to maximize the life safety and optimal transition of newborns.

Transcriptional Regulation between CCAT2 and AR in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

AR (androgen receptor) and CCAT2 are two prostate cancer (PCa)-related genes whereas their relationship is not yet reported. AR is the classical major functional gene in PCa progression. CCAT2, a non-coding gene, was identified based on big-data GWAS (Genome-Wide Association Studies) in the year of 2013. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is usually used to treat PCa in the early stage. After persistent androgen deprivation, PCa would generally lead to castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), whereas the mechanism is yet unclear. Here we explore the function of AR and CCAT2 in PCa progression, especially their relation in androgen sensitive and insensitive cell model LNCap and DU145. We found a loop between AR and CCAT2 transcription by over-expression and knock-down strategies. In DU145 cells, G-CCAT2 activated AR mRNA level 2. 6 times, while T-CCAT2 inhibited it to 0. 2 times (P<0. 05). In LNCaP cells, G-CCAT2 could activate AR mRNA levels 1. 5 times, and TCCAT2 had no significant effect (P<0. 05). Under overexpression of AR in DU145 cells, the expression of CCAT2 increased 2. 9 times (P < 0. 05). The abundance of CCAT2 decreased to 0. 48 (P < 0. 05) in LNCaP cells by AR knock-down. Reporter gene analysis showed that CCAT2 could function on the AR promoter. We then performed CCK8 assays and AR protein level detection as supplement for the new gene CCAT2 studies. Finally we primarily studied some target genes that are related to AR and CCAT2 . The results showed that the G-CCAT2 transcript could activate AR expression in LNCap cells while UCCAT2 had no significant effect. In DU145 cells, G-CCAT2 exhibited a more relative stronger activation effect on AR, and U-CCAT2 could inhibit AR transcription. AR activates the transcriptional activity of CCAT2 in both cell lines, suggesting a feedback regulation between them. Our data showed that there would be a feedback loop between CCAT2 and AR, which may indicate a new method for PCa treatment.

Analysis of iodine nutritional status in patients with thyroid disease / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between iodine nutrition level and thyroid disease.Methods:Totally 299 patients with thyroid disease who were treated at Shandong Provincial Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control from 2016 to 2018 were selected as case group which was further divided into Graves' disease group (GD group, 137 patients), chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis group (HT group, 90 patients) and thyroid nodule group (72 patients). At the same time, 75 healthy people with no history of thyroid disease, normal thyroid color ultrasound and thyroid function were selected as control group. Morning urine was collected and urinary iodine was detected by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry. Fasting venous blood was extracted, and serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT 3), free thyroxine (FT 4), thyroid globulin antibody (TgAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were detected by electrochemiluminescence method. Results:The difference of median urinary iodine in the 4 groups was statistically significant ( H = 42.530, P < 0.05). The medians urinary iodine in GD and HT groups (326.79, 341.91 μg/L) were higher than those of thyroid nodule group and control group (235.01, 187.32 μg/L, P < 0.05). The levels of TSH, FT 3 and FT 4 in GD group were compared with those of control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The positive rates of TgAb and TPOAb in HT group were significantly higher than those in GD, thyroid nodule and control groups, and the positive rates of TgAb and TPOAb in GD group were higher than those in thyroid nodule and control groups ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:GD and HT patients have excessive iodine nutrition, and high iodine intake may lead to the occurrence of these thyroid diseases (GD and HT). Thyroid function test combined with laboratory urinary iodine test can be used to diagnose thyroid diseases simply and quickly.

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis： a family report and literature review / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To summarize and review a Chinese family with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) so as to improve understanding of the disease.Methods:The proband was admitted to the Department of Neurology， the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University on May 30, 2019. The medical history, neuro-imaging, pathology, CYP27A1 gene of the proband and CYP27A1 gene of her family were analyzed. Clinical features of similar cases from published literatures were retrieved and systematically summarized.Results:The proband was a 39-year-old female who was admitted to the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University due to weakness of both lower limbs lasted for more than five years and aggravated for one year with speech slurred. The proband manifested with mental retardation, bilateral pyramidal tract impairment and cerebellar lesions, and had cholesterol crystal in xanthomas and compound heterozygous mutations of c.435G>A and c.1263+1G>A in CYP27A1 gene. The proband′s sister had the same mutation as the proband′s. The proband′s mother was the carrier of c.435G>A mutation, and father was the carrier of c.1263+1G>A mutation. Seventeen related cases concerning CTX with detailed clinical data were searched with major domestic databases. Combined with this case, clinical features with the frequency more than 50% were pyramidal sign, mental decline, ataxia, dysarthria, achilles tendon neoplasm, cataract, high arch foot.Conclusions:The onset of CTX is hidden, which can be diagnosed by its pathology and CYP27A1 gene detection. The possibility of CTX should be considered when there are unexplained clinical manifestations in common diseases such as pyramidal sign, mental decline, ataxia, dysarthria, achilles tendon neoplasm, cataract, high arch foot and so on.

Investigation on iodine content in drinking water of Shandong Province in 2017 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the distribution of iodine in drinking water in Shandong Province, and to provide a basis for redefining different types of iodine in drinking water, adopting specific prevention measures and scientifically adjusting intervention strategies.Methods:In 2017, a survey on the distribution of water iodine in the whole province was carried out in townships (street offices, hereinafter referred to as townships). In addition, the administrative villages (neighborhood committees, hereinafter referred to as administrative villages) shall be taken as the units for the investigation of townships with a median water iodine of > 10 μg/L or more found in this or previous surveys. Arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry was used to detect water iodine.Results:A total of 1 844 townships were surveyed, with a median water iodine of 9.2 μg/L. Among them, there were 969 townships with water iodine of less than 10 μg/L, accounting for 52.55%. From 10 to 40 μg/L, 489 townships, accounting for 26.52%; There were 139 townships with > 40-100 μg/L, accounting for 7.54%; there were 247 townships of > 100 μg/L, accounting for 13.39%. A total of 37 073 administrative villages were surveyed in the townships with a median water iodine of > 10 μg/L, and 36 690 were collected with valid data. Among them, 5 531 villages with water iodine < 10 μg/L, accounting for 15.07%; there were 17 350 villages with 10-40 μg/L, accounting for 47.29%; there were 4 859 villages of > 40-100 μg/L, accounting for 13.24%; the number of villages > 100 μg/L was 8 950, accounting for 24.39%.Conclusions:In Shandong Province, most areas are iodine deficiency area (water iodine < 10 μg/L), waterborne high iodine areas (water iodine > 100 μg/L) and "optimal iodine" (water iodine 10-100 μg/L) regions exist, and there is the possibility of dynamic adjustment of water iodine. In the next step, the dynamic monitoring of iodine nutrition in water and population should be strengthened to provide data support for the adjustment of iodized salt supply strategy.

An analysis of iodine nutrition level of key population in waterbrone high iodine areas in Shandong Province in 2018 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the iodine nutritional status of key population in waterbrone high iodine areas in Shandong Province and provide scientific basis for adjustment of control strategy.Methods:In 2018, the county (city, district, county for short) shall be the unit to carry out the monitoring work, and the administrative villages shall be the unit to determine the monitoring sites in the designated high-iodine areas. According to the results of the 2017 survey on drinking water iodine for residents of Shandong Province, each monitoring county sorted the administrative villages with a median water iodine above 100 μg/L according to the water iodine value and adopted a systematic sampling method. Each county took 5 administrative villages, and if there were less than 5 administrative villages, they were all extracted (if there were administrative villages with median water iodine above 300 μg/L, ensured at least one extraction). Among the monitoring sites, water iodine, children urinary iodine, salt iodine and thyroid volume, pregnant urinary iodine, and salt iodine were investigated. The "Arsenic Cerium Catalytic Spectrophotometry Method" (WS/T 107-2006) was used to detect the water iodine and urinary iodine contents; the B-ultrasound method was used to examine the thyroid volume of children; the semi-quantitative method was used to detect the salt iodine level of residents.Results:A total of 341 water samples were collected, the median water iodine was 131.15 μg/L, ranging from 7.10 to 1 054.00 μg/L. A total of 7 555 urine samples of children were tested and the median urinary iodine of children was 289.20 μg/L. The rate of goiter of children was 3.10% (234/7 555). A total of 1 996 urine samples of pregnant women were tested and the median urinary iodine of pregnant women was 179.90 μg/L. A total of 9 551 edible salt samples were collected from children and pregnant women, including 8 238 non-iodine salt samples and the consumption rate of non-iodine salt was 86.25% (8 238/9 551).Conclusions:The pregnant women are in a suitable state of iodine nutrition, the children's urinary iodine is at a higher than suitable level in waterbrone high iodine areas in Shandong Province. Therefore, it is still necessary to strengthen the efforts to improve water and reduce iodine, and strengthen the monitoring of iodine nutrition status of key populations.

An investigation of iodine nutritional status in water-borne high iodine areas in Shandong Province, 2017 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To observe the iodine nutritional status in historical water-borne high iodine areas in Shandong Province,so as to provide a basis for improving the intervention strategy of high-iodinated goiter in water-borne high iodine areas.Methods In 2017,in 38 historical high-iodine counties (cities,districts) in 7 cities of Shandong Province,each county (city,district) was divided 5 regions according to the east,west,south,north,and middle.One township (street) was taken in each regions,and four administrative villages were selected in each township (street).In each administrative village 15 household salt samples were extracted for non-iodine salt detection;detection of iodine content of drinking water,urine iodine content and thyroid volume of children aged 8-12 years were carried out in 19 high iodine counties (cities,districts).The semi-quantitative method was used to detect the iodine level of edible salt of residents;the arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry method(WS/T 107-2006) was used to detect the water iodine and urinary iodine content;the B-ultrasound method was used to examine the thyroid volume of children.Results A total of 9 703 edible salt samples were collected from residents,including 9 575 non-iodine salt and the consumption rate of non-iodine salt was 98.68％.Among the 38 high iodine counties (cities,districts),20 counties (cities,districts) all stopped supplying iodized salt and 18 counties(cities,districts) partial stopped,the consumption rates of non-iodine salt were 99.37％ (6 013/6 051) and 98.54％ (3 562/ 3 652),respectively.The iodine content of drinking water in 19 monitoring sites was detected.The median water iodine was 75.50 μg/L,ranging from 8.50 to 420.70 μg/L.Among them,the median water iodine of 9 monitoring sites was ＞ 100 μg/L,still belonged to the water-borne high iodine area.Totally 2 009 children were detected urinary iodine,the median urinary iodine concentration was 256.35 μg/L;the goiter rate of children aged 8-12 years was 7.86％ (158/2 009),there was a statistically significant difference in the rate of goiter between children of different ages (x2 =43.649,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Although the consumption rates of non-iodine salt in historical water-borne high iodine areas of Shandong Province are at a higher level,the water iodine content of drinking water has a larger span,iodine nutrition in children is over the appropriate level.The coverage of projects to improve water quality and reduce iodine in high iodine areas should be further expanded,and monitoring of iodine nutritional status of key populations should be strengthened.

Bushen-Qingxin decoction combined conjugated estrogen tablets for perimenopausal women osteoporosis in patients with bone mineral density and bone metabolic markers / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective Bushen-Qingxin decoction combined conjugated estrogen tablets of modulation perimenopausal women osteoporosis patients, explore the impact of bone mineral density and bone metabolic markers. Methods A total of 160 female patients were recruited in our hospital by the random number table method, and were divided into the control group 80 cases and the observation group 80 cases. The control group was treated with standard dose of conjugated estrogen tablets, while the observation group was treated with Bushen Qingxin decoction on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated 3 period with 28 days per period. The enzyme-linked immunity analyzer was used to detect serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), C-terminal cross linked peptide (CTX-Ⅰ), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase -5b (TRACP-5b) level, and the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurement method was used to detect bone mineral density values. The clinical curative effect was compared between two groups. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 91.3%, while the control group was 78.8%, which showed the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=3.971, P=3.971). After treatment, the serum BALP levels (88.55 ± 10.33 U/L vs. 80.47 ± 8.67 U/L, t=5.399) of the observation group were significantly higher than this of the control group (P<0.01). After treatment, the serum TRACP-5b (501.31 ± 35.77 pg/L vs. 538.51 ± 37.69 pg/L, t=6.498), CTX- (130.09 ±Ⅰ17.55 ng/ml vs. 164.71 ± 19.45 ng/ml, t=11.928) of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.01). After treatment, the bone mineral density of the observation group rose up from the baseline (t=3.396, P=0.010). Conclusions The Bushen-Qingxin decoction combined conjugated estrogen tablets can increase on women in the menopausal transition of osteoporosis in patients with bone mineral density values and serum BALP levels, reduce serum TRACP-5b, CTX-Ⅰ level.

An analysis of iodine nutritional status among key populations in non-iodine excess areas of Shandong Province in 2017 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To analyze the iodine nutritional status among key populations in non-iodine excess areas of Shandong Province in 2017. Methods Totally 81 county-level monitoring sites were selected in 17 cities of Shandong Province. Each county was divided into five areas including the east, west, south, north and the middle according to the location. A township (street) was randomly selected in each area and a primary school was selected from each township (street). Totally 40 students aged 8-10 (half males and half females) were selected in each school for examination of thyroid by B ultrasonography and determination of urinary iodine and salt iodine levels. At the same time, 20 pregnant women were selected from each township (street) for determination of urinary iodine and salt iodine levels. Results A total of 16341 children and 8524 pregnant women urine samples were tested and the medians of urinary iodine of children and pregnant women were 187.7 and 145.4 μg/L, respectively. Totally 16341 children were examined thyroid and the rate of goiter was 2.36％ (386/16341). Totally 24170 edible salt samples were tested. The coverage rate of iodized salt was 88.93％(21495/24170), the qualified rate of iodized salt was 90.08％(19363/21495) and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 80.11％(19363/24170). Conclusion Both children and pregnant women in non-iodine excess areas of Shandong Province are in a suitable state of iodine nutrition.

Clinical application of locational partition of the nasal endsin lacerated lacrimal canaliculi / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the positional relationship between the nasal ends of the lacerated lacrimal canaliculi, lacrimal caruncle, and medial canthal ligament, as well as its application in the lacrimal canalicular anastomosis.<p>METHODS: Sixty-five patients with traumatic lower canalicular laceration were selected. The distance from the lacrimal punctum to the temporal end was measured. The nasal ends were found under direct vision, and the positional relationship between the nasal ends, lacrimal caruncle and medial canthal ligament were quantitatively analyzed.<p>RESULTS: Totally 65 patients with canaliculus laceration, 39 patients had a distance of less than 6mm from the lacrimal punctum to the temporal end, where the nasal ends of 35 patients were located in the lacrimal caruncle area. There were 26 cases in which the distance from the lacrimal punctum to the temporal end was greater than 6mm, where the nasal ends of 24 cases were located in the medial canthal ligament area. The vertical distance between the nasal ends in the lacrimal caruncle area and the lacrimal mucosa was 2.1±0.7mm, and the vertical distance between the nasal ends in the medial canthal ligament area and the skin edge was 3.5±1.2mm.<p>CONCLUSION: The positions of nasal ends can be divided into the lacrimal caruncle area and the medial canthal ligament area, providing a basis for finding the nasal ends of the lacerated lacrimal canaliculi in the clinical practice.

Comparison of efficacy and mechanism of Compound Danshen Tablets and its decomposed prescriptions on learning and memory ability of rats with vascular dementia / 中草药

Objective: To compare the effect and mechanism of Compound Danshen Tablets and its disassembled prescription on learning and memory ability of rats with vascular dementia (VD). Methods: Rats with normal learning and memory ability were screened through the shuttle box, and then divided into seven groups: sham group, model group, contrast group (dihydroergotaminemesylate 0.65 g/kg), Danshen group (ethanol extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza 0.3 g/kg), Senqi group (Panax notoginseng powder 0.3 g/kg), Compound Danshen Tablets group (low dose 0.3 g/kg, high dose 0.6 g/kg), ig administration, once daily one time, after 7 d of continuous administration, the VD rat model was established by bilateral common carotid artery ligation and reperfusion. After 7 d of continuous administration, the shuttle box test and neurological deficit score were performed; TTC staining and Nissl staining were used to detect the area of cerebral ischemia and the pathological changes of rat in the cerebral cortex respectively. The changes of SOD, MDA, Ach, 5-HT in the brain and VEGF, ET, eNOS, IL-6 in the serum were detected by kit. Results: Compared with the model group, the Compound Danshen Tablets group increased the number of conditional stimulation avoidance in VD rats, reduced the neurological function score and cerebral ischemia area, and reduced the MDA in rat brain tissue and ET, eNOS, IL-6 in rat serum, and increased Ach, 5-HT, SOD in the brain and VEGF in the serum. S. miltiorrhiza extract had better performance in reducing MDA in rat brain tissue and ET, eNOS, IL-6 in rat serum, SOD in the brain than in P. notoginseng; P. notoginseng was more advantageous in improving the content of Ach and 5-HT in rat brain tissue. The high-dose group of Compound Danshen Tablets had significant differences in SOD, MDA, ACH, 5-HT, and VEGF compared with Danshen group or Senqi group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Compound Danshen Tablets can improve the cognitive learning and memory ability of VD rats. The mechanism maybe enhance the secretion of Ach by the central cholinergic nervous system, improve the content of the monoamine neurotransmitters 5-HT in the hippocampus and hypothalamus, reduce the lipid peroxidation damage of the brain tissue, inhibit the inflammatory injury reaction and promote angiogenesis. In the compound, S. miltiorrhiza extract as the role of “Jun medicine”, plays a major role, while P. notoginseng assists “Jun medicine” in treating VD.

Salvianolic Acid A Protects Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Injury by Preserving Mitochondrial Function and Activating Akt/GSK-3β Signals / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of salvianolic acid A (SAA) on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in response to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury and to determine whether the Akt signaling pathway might play a role.@*METHODS@#An in vitro model of H/R injury was used to study outcomes on primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. The cardiomyocytes were treated with 12.5, 25, 50 μg/mL SAA at the beginning of hypoxia and reoxygenation, respectively. Adenosine triphospate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assayed. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry and the expression of cleaved-caspase 3, Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blotting. The effects of SAA on mitochondrial dysfunction were examined by determining the mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm) and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), followed by the phosphorylation of Akt (p-Akt) and GSK-3β (p-GSK-3β), which were measured by Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#SAA significantly preserved ATP levels and reduced ROS production. Importantly, SAA markedly reduced the number of apoptotic cells and decreased cleaved-caspase 3 expression levels, while also reducing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Furthermore, SAA prevented the loss of △Ψm and inhibited the activation of mPTP. Western blotting experiments further revealed that SAA significantly increased the expression of p-Akt and p-GSK-3β, and the increase in p-GSK-3β expression was attenuated after inhibition of the Akt signaling pathway with LY294002.@*CONCLUSION@#SAA has a protective effect on cardiomyocyte H/R injury; the underlying mechanism may be related to the preservation of mitochondrial function and the activation of the Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway.

Comparison of Pharmaceutical Characterization and Tissue Distribution Between Chuanqi Ophthalmic Microemulsion in situ Gel and Normal in situ Gel / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: In this paper,the effect of microemulsion in Chuanqi ophthalmic microemulsion in situ gel was investigated. Method: The effect of microemulsion was confirmed by the parallel comparison between the Chuanqi microemulsion in situ gel and normal in situ gel,including study of pharmaceutical characterization and tissue distribution. Result: The average particle sizes of Chuanqi microemulsion in situ gel and normal in situ gel were (38.20±0.13) nm and (985±37) nm,respectively.Microemulsion could maintain the properties of nanocarrier in a microemulsion in situ gel composite system.The result of tissue distribution study showed that only ligustilide could be detected.This was related to the nature of these three indicator components(ligustrazine,ligustilide and astragaloside A).The common logarithm of oil and water partition coefficient of ligustilide(lgP) was 2.87,which was consistent with the range of lgP of ideal ophthalmic drugs(lgP=2.0-3.0).The ligustilide from Chuanqi microemulsion in situ gel could be detected in the cornea,vitreous body and retina,and this compound from normal in situ gel could only be detected in the cornea with low content.At the same time,microemulsion could increase the content of ligustilide in corneal tissues. Conclusion: The characteristics of microemulsion nanocarriers can increase the solubility of ligustilide,compared with normal in situ gel,it can be better distributed in the tears outside the corneal,it reaches the cornea with a higher concentration,and forms a corneal concentration gradient,and ligustilide is transported from the anterior ocular region to the posterior ocular region through the transocular barrier.

Bioinformatics analysis and fluorescence quantitative PCR results of Ricinus communis PIP5Ks / 中草药

Objective To predict the expression of seven genes in the PIP5K gene family, and to determine the relative expression of PIP5Ks in different stages of type Lm gynoecious Ricinus communis aLmAB2. Method Bioinformatics analysis of online software protein physicochemical properties analysis, protein hydrophobicity analysis subcellular localization prediction, transmembrane region analysis, etc. Bioinformatics analysis of hemp PIP5K gene family and DNAMAN for sequence alignment and real-time PCR. Results The results showed that there were seven members in the R. communis PIP5Ks, which were PIP5K1, PIP5K2, PIP5K4, PIP5K6, PIP5K8, PIP5K9, and PIP5K11. The amino acid sequence homology of the corresponding protein of R. communis PIP5K reached 48.06%, and the protein of R. communis PIP5Ks all are hydrophilic proteins. Except that PIP5K9 and PIP5K11 were unstable proteins, the rest were stable proteins, and the corresponding proteins of PIP5Ks have no transmembrane domain, and all were non-transmembrane proteins. Subcellular localization results showed that the proteins PIP5K1, PIP5K4, PIP5K6, PIP5K9, and PIP5K11 were less likely to have a lead peptide, and there was no corresponding amino acid cleavage site, ie, localized in other organelles or possibly cytoplasmic proteins; Protein PIP5K2 was localized in chloroplasts, the chloroplast transit peptide has a higher value, and the protein PIP5K8 was located in the secretory pathway. From the perspective of the relative expression of PIP5Ks in the differential expression, except that no fluorescence was detected in PIP5K4, the other PIP5Ks had a certain differential expression. The changes of relative expression of PIP5Ks showed similar trends, the levels of PIP5K1, PIP5K2 relative expression were high, followed by the relative expression of PIP5K8, PIP5K9, and PIP5K6 and PIP5K11 only have fewer expressions. Conclusion It is concluded that PIP5Ks may have a certain effect on the inflorescence axis traits in ramie. The differential expression of PIP5K on the inflorescence axis has the certain regularity with the development of inflorescence.

Screening different HPV genotypes infection and type-specific in cervical exfoliated cells of women in Yili area of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the infection status and genotype distribution of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) in women of different ethnic groups and different ages in Yili, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang).@*Methods@#By using the convenient sampling method, 54 760 women from November 2015 to May 2017 seeking for service in gynecological clinics in a general hospital in Yili, Xinjiang, were selected as the research subjects, and 3 445 samples of cervical mucous exfoliative cells were collected, and the social information of their ethnic and age was collected at the same time. The inclusion criteria were those with sexual life, cervical integrity, and ethnic groups for Han or Uygur or Kazak. PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization was used to detect HPV genotyping in exfoliated cells, and chi-square test was used to compare the difference of HPV positive rate among different ethnic groups. Then, according to ethnicity and age, the differences in positive rates of different ages and ethnic groups were compared in each layer.@*Results@#The positive rate of HPV was 25.6% (882 cases), of which the Han, Uygur and Kazakh were 27.9% (564 cases), 22.9% (196 cases) and 21.6% (122 cases), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=13.80, P=0.001). The most prevalent high-risk genotypes of Han women were HPV16/52/58, accounting for 24.8% (140 cases), 17.7% (100 cases) and 9.8% (55 cases), respectively. The most prevalent high-risk genotypes of Uygur women were HPV16/52/53, accounting for 34.2% (67 cases), 12.8% (25 cases), 9.2% (18 cases), respectively. The most prevalent high-risk genotypes of Kazak were HPV16/52/53, accounting for 37.7% (46 cases), 17.2% (21 cases), 12.3% (15 cases), respectively. The highest rate of HPV in Uygur patients aged ≥61 years was 41.5% (22 cases), and the lowest in group 36-40 years old, 15.9% (21 cases), the difference between different age groups was statistically significant (χ2=35.01, P<0.001).@*Conclusion@#The positive rate of HPV infection among Han, Uygur and Kazak in Yili Prefecture of Xinjiang was different, and the HPV positive genotype differs among different ethnic groups.