Value of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c and apolipoprotein A-1 ratio on predicting outcome of patients with acute coronary syndrome / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To investigate the predictive value of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c/apolipoprotein A-1 (HbA1c/ApoA-1) ratio for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: The present study is a retrospective cohort study. ACS patients who were hospitalized and underwent coronary angiography at Beijing Hospital from March 2017 to March 2019 were enrolled. Baseline information such as sex, age, previous history, Gensini score, HbA1c and ApoA-1 were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to presence or absence of MACEs and the difference on HbA1c/ApoA-1 ratio was compared between the two groups. According to the tertiles of HbA1c/ApoA-1 levels, patients were divided into high (5.87-16.12), medium (4.50-5.83) and low (2.11-4.48) HbA1c/ApoA-1 groups. Cox proportional risk model was used to evaluate the differences in MACEs and all-cause mortality among the three groups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare the differences of MACEs between the various HbA1c/ApoA-1 groups. Results: A total of 366 ACS patients were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was (65.9±10.3) years. There were 59 MACEs and 10 all-cause deaths during the mean of (22.3±4.4) months follow-up. After adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure, history of diabetes and Gensini score, the incidence of MACEs was 2.45 times higher in the high HbA1c/ApoA-1 group than in the low HbA1c/ApoA-1 group (95%CI 1.16-5.18, P=0.019). There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality between the high and low HbA1c/ApoA-1 groups (P=1.000). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients in the high HbA1c/ApoA-1 group had the highest risk of MACEs, while patients in the low HbA1c/ApoA-1 group had the lowest risk of MACEs (P<0.01). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that HbA1/ApoA-1 ratio was positively correlated with Gensini score in ACS patients (r=0.274, P<0.01). Conclusion: High HbA1c/ApoA-1 ratio was an independent risk factor for MACEs in ACS patients. Patients with high HbA1c/ApoA-1 ratio had more severe coronary artery disease lesions. HbA1c/ApoA-1 ratio may be used as a potential risk stratification biomarker for ACS patients, it might be useful for the early identification of high-risk population and for predicting the incidence of MACEs among ACS patients.

Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Applications of Radix Astragali / 中国结合医学杂志

Radix Astragali (RA), a traditional Chinese medicine from the dried root of Astragalus species, is widely distributed throughout the temperate regions of the world. The major bioactive constituents of RA are triterpene glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids, and these compounds mostly exert pharmacological activities on the cardiovascular, immune, respiratory, and hepatic systems. This review summarizes the recent studies on RA and provides a comprehensive summary regarding the status of resources, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, clinical application, and patent release of RA. We hope this review can provide a guidance for further development of therapeutic agents from RA.

Significance of Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the significance of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio(PLR) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).@*METHODS@#Eighty patients with multiple myeloma admitted in our hospital from August 2007 to August 2010 were selected. The clinical data of the patients, including hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), white blood cell(WBC) count, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), platelet count (PC), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), calcium, albumin, β2 microglobulin and so on were collected and analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The optimal threshold of NLR was 2.78 (sensitivity: 83.3%, specificity: 43.1%). The optimal threshold of PLR was 155.58 (sensitivity: 67.7%, specificity: 36.9%). All patients were grouped according to NLR and PLR values, patients with high NLR and PLR had lower albumin levels and higher clinical stages. High NLR patients were mainly men, hemoglobin, GFR values, albumin levels were lower, and the white blood cells count and β2 microglobulin level were higher. High PLR patients showed low albumin level and higher clinical stage. Multivariate analysis showed that β2 microglobulin and NLR were prognostic factors in patients with multiple myeloma (P2.78) associates with poor prognosis in patients with MM, and it may be considered as an independent prognostic factor for MM patients.

Expression and Significance of PTEN and BCL-2 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (BCL-2) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression levels of PTEN and BCL-2 mRNA and protein in bone marrow samples from 80 AML patients including 56 de novo patients, 16 patients in remission, 8 relapsed patients and 30 cases of non-hematologic diseases (as control) were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively, and the relationship between PTEN and BCL-2 expression and clinical pathological parameter was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression levels of both mRNA and protein of PTEN in newly diagnosed AML group and relapse group were significantly lower than those in the control and remission group (P<0.01). The expression levels of both mRNA and protein of BCL-2 in newly diagnosed group and relapse group were significantly higher than those in the control and remission group (P<0.01). The mRNA expression of PTEN and BCL-2 was did not related with the age, sex and white blood count in AML patients. The expression levels of PTEN negatively correlated with expression BCL-2 with AML(r=-0.432, r=-0.569).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PTEN and BCL-2 participate in the occurrence and development of AML, and may be used as indicators for the evaluation of chemotheraeutic efficacy.</p>

Fingerprinting and multi-indicator quantitative analysis of Mongolian drug Digeda-4 decoction / 中国中药杂志

To establish the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint for Digeda-4 decoction (DGD-4D), determine the contents of aesculetin, geniposide, picroside Ⅰ, picroside Ⅱ and ellagicacid in DGD-4D, and provide the scientific foundation for quality control of DGD-4D. The analysis was performed on Diamonsil(2) C₁₈ (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) column, with methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution as mobile phase for gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min⁻¹; injection size was 10 μL; temperature was maintained at 30 °C, and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. The common mode of DGD-4D HPLC fingerprint was established, and the hidden information was analyzed by Chemometrics. Chromatographic peaks for DGD-4D were identified by HPLC and quantitative analysis was conducted for characteristic peaks. There were 17 common peaks in the fingerprints and the similarity of the fingerprints was over 0.9 in all 15 batches. The samples were broadly divided into four kinds by principal component analysis and clustering analysis. Four marker compounds were verified by partial least squares discriminant analysis, and No. 9, 12 and 14 peaks were identified as geniposide, picroside Ⅱ, and picroside Ⅰ respectively. The average recoveries were in the range of 95.91%-97.31%. The HPLC fingerprint method for content determination is reliable, accurate, rapid, simple, and reproducible, and can be used as one of the effective methods to control the quality of DGD-4D.

Utility of procalcitonin, human neutrophil lipocalin and neutrophil CD64 in early diagnosis of bacterial infection / 中国感染与化疗杂志

Objective To examine the expression levels of procalcitonin (PCT),neutrophils apolipoprotein (human neutrophil lipocalin,HNL) and neutrophil CD64 (CD64) in the blood of patients with bacterial infection and investigate their utility in early diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infection.Methods A total of 210 patients with confirmed infection who were treated in hospital from February 2013 to May 2017 were enrolled.The patients were classified into bacterial infection group (105 cases) and viral infection group (105 cases).Additionally,a cohort of 80 healthy subjects were randomly selected from health checkup during the same period as the control group.PCT and HNL were determined on the UPT up-converting phosphor microbial immunity analyzer provided by Beijing Hotgen Biotech Company.BD FACS calibur flow cytometer was used to measure and calculate CD64 percentage.Results The levels of PCT,HNL,CD64 and WBC were compared between bacterial infection group,viral infection group and control group.The between-group difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The CD64 and WBC levels were significantly different between viral infection group and control group (P＜0.05),but the PCT and HNL levels were not different significantly between viral infection group and control group (P＞0.05).The area under the ROC curve of PCT,namely AUC PCT,was 0.855,and AUC (HNL) was 0.930,AUC (CD64) 0.928,and AUC (WBC) 0.729.The cutoff value of PCT,HNL and CD64 for diagnosis of bacterial infections was ＞0.79 ng/mL,＞87.43 ng/mL,and ＞9.01％,respectively.Conclusions Bacterial infection is associated with elevated levels of PCT,HNL and CD64,which can be used in early diagnosis of bacterial infections.HNL may provide the highest diagnostic value.

Biological macrofeatures and criterion thereof for fracture immobilization in Chinese Mongolian traditional osteopathy / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the biological macrofeatures and criterion thereof for fracture immobilization in Chinese Mongolian traditional osteopathy. Method The principles and methods of modern physiological psychology and biomechanics were used in this study to explore the biological macrofeatures and criterion thereof for fracture immobilization, based on the view of the harmony of human and nature (including a unity of body and function) in Chinese Mongolian traditional osteopathy. Results Chinese Mongolian traditional osteopathy implies the biological macrofeatures and criterion thereof for “dynamic immobilization” in fracture treatment, including the stability of structure and force catched, state of static and dynamic, forming and destroying of bone, physical and psychological stability. Therefore, it is a kind of non invasive and non shelter fixing method. Conclusions The biological macrofeature and criterion thereof for the fracture dynamic immobilization in fracture treatment, in Chinese Mongolian traditional osteopathy is not only the fundamental support for its inheritance up to now, but also could be a new attempt in modern fracture immobilization.

Ideas on Chinese traditional osteopathy, biomechanics mechanism of manipulation and mathematics-physics expressions / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Chinese traditional osteopathy is long in history, unique in manipulation and miraculous in therapeutic effect. But people understand it more m perception rather than in theory, more in application rather than in development. There is little research truly on the bioseience.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the macro-idea of Chinese traditional osteopathy, micro-mechanisms on characters and mathematics-physics models, aiming to provide new principles and approaches of treatment for the daily increased bone trauma, fracture and sport injury.SETTING: Physics and machine-electron college of a university, and its affiliated hospital.METHODS: Based on the natural concept of "integration between heaven and human being" and new concept of holistic medicine in Chinese traditional osteopathy, the macro-idea and characters of reduction and union of fracture are generalized from the characters of natural therapy and the biomechanical mechanisms and characters of reduction and union of fracture are summarized from the micro-reaction of bone repair and union so as to discover biomechanical mechanisms and characters of reduction and union of fracture and further to set up biomechanical models and mathematics-physics expressions during the treatment.RESULTS: Chinese traditional osteopathy envelopes macro-idea of "initiative reduction-functional union" in fracture and micro-mechanism on "stress adaptability-functional adaptability" of bone repair and union.CONCLUSION: Chinese traditional osteopathy compiles with the natural,green and non-traumatic therapy in bio-natural law of bone repair and union and supports the theme of "high thought and high skill".

Relationship between ambient air pollution and daily mortality of SARS in Beijing / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between ambient air pollution and daily mortality of SARS in Beijing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The approach of time-series Poisson regression was used to assess the relationship between daily SARS mortality, ambient air pollution, and other factors from April 25 to May 31, 2003 in Beijing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>An increase of each 10 microg/m3 over a 5-day moving average of PM10, SO2 and NO2 corresponded to 1.06 (1.00-1.12), 0.74 (0.48-1.13) and 1.22 (1.01-1.48) relative risks (RRs) of daily SARS mortality, respectively. The relative risks (RRs) values depended largely on the selection of lag days.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The daily mortality of SARS might be associated with certain air pollutants in Beijing.</p>

A case-control study on the relationship between methyl-tetra-hydrofolic acid reductase 677 gene polymorphism and the risk of stomach cancer / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between methyl-tetra-hydrofolic acid (MTHFR) 677 gene polymorphism and the risk of stomach cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A population based case-control study was conducted and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to detect its genotypes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among cases with stomach cancer, the frequency of C/C, C/T, T/T genotype were 25.8%, 54.6%, 19.6%, compared with controls as 34.5%, 50.9%, 14.6% respectively. Using C/C genotype as reference, the OR of C/T or T/T genotype was 1.52 (95% CI: 1.04 - 2.23). 53.3% C and 46.7% T allele were distributed in stomach cancer cases, while 60.0% C and 40.0% T in controls. The OR for T allele in relation to C allele was 1.31 (1.02 - 1.69) when C allele was used as reference. In addition, the present study showed that MTHFR677 AnyT genotype might interact with smoking, moldy food intake, wheat porridge intake, eating salty food and Hp CagA infection to increase the risk of stomach cancer. No interaction was observed between MTHFR677 AnyT genotype and alcohol drinking or green tea intake.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MTHFR677 AnyT genotype, might increase the risk of stomach cancer development and the genotype might also interact with other environmental risk factors to increase the risk of stomach cancer.</p>

Study on the protective effect of green tea on gastric, liver and esophageal cancers / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the protective effect of drinking green tea on the development of gastric, liver and esophageal cancers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A population based study was conducted in Taixing, Jiangsu province, including 206, 204, 218 cases, respectively, and 415 population controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Green tea decreased the development of gastric cancer risk by 40%. Dose-response relationships were observed between the length of time, concentration and quantity of green tea drinking and its protective effects on gastric cancer. For individuals who drink green tea for more than 250 g per month, the risk of gastric cancer reduced about 60%. Green tea might have protective effect on liver cancer. However, no protective effect of green tea was observed on esophageal cancer.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Green tea drinking might be a protective factor for gastric cancer. However, the protective effects of green tea on liver and esophageal cancer were not obvious.</p>

A case-control study on drinking green tea and decreasing risk of cancers in the alimentary canal among cigarette smokers and alcohol drinkers / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the role of green tea in decreasing the risks of gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer among alcohol drinkers or cigarette smokers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A population based case-control study was conducted in Taixing, Jiangsu province.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In Taixing city, identified cases of stomach, liver and esophageal cancers were chosen with informed consent. The numbers were 206, 204, 218 respectively. Controls were chosen from normal population having lived in the area for longer than 10 years, also with informed consent. Green tea drinking seemed to have decreased 81%, 78%, 39% risk for the development of gastric cancer, liver cancer and esophageal cancer among alcohol drinkers. It might also have decreased 16%, 43%, 31% on the risks of developing the three kinds of cancers among cigarette smokers. Interaction assessment showed that drinking green tea could significantly decrease the risk of gastric cancer and liver cancer among alcohol drinkers, with ORs of interaction item 0.23 (95% CI: 0.10 - 0.55) and 0.25 (95% CI: 0.11 - 0.57) respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Habit of drinking green tea seemed to have significant protective effects on the development of both gastric and liver cancer among alcohol drinkers while, green tea also having some protective effect on esophageal cancer among alcohol drinkers and on three kinds of cancers among cigarette smokers.</p>