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Purpose:@#During fracture fixation, the size of tibial nail is a vital factor affecting the outcomes and thus preoperative estimation of tibial nail length is very important. This study aims to find out whether "olecranon to 5th metacarpal head" (O-MH) measurement can be used to reliably predict the tibial nail length. @*Methods:@#This was a cross sectional study involving 100 volunteers. Measurements were done and recorded by two observers on two separate occasions. Tibial nail length estimation measurement was done from highest point of tibial tuberosity to the tip of the medial malleolus (TT-MM). O-MH measurement was taken from tip of olecranon to the tip of 5th metacarpal head with wrist in neutral position and hand clenched. Statistical analysis was done to find out correlation between two measurements and influence of age, gender and body mass index on them. @*Results:@#Paired t-test showed no systematic error between the readings. Intraclass correlation coefficient showed strong agreement in inter and intra observer settings. Strong correlation was found between the TT-MM & O-MH measurements using Pearson's correlation coefficient test (r = 0.966). Hierarchical regression analysis showed age, gender and BMI have no statistically significant bearings on these measurements and their correlations. @*Conclusion:@#O-MH measurement is a useful and accurate means of estimating tibial nail length preoperatively.
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Background and Study Aims: Focal liver lesions are considerably detected in every day practice. Radiological imaging has a significant role in the detection and follow up of hepatic focal lesions. At times, the pathological study is absolutely necessary to confirm a definite diagnosis. The aim of this study was to estimate the probability that radiological scans to diagnose different types of focal liver lesions as primary imaging modalities are inconclusive. Methods: This study was carried out at National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Egypt. Abdominal ultrasonography, triphasic computed tomography +/- magnetic resonant imaging and ultrasound guided percutaneos core biopsy of 42 patients with suspected hepatic focal lesions were carried out. Results: Out of 42 patients with liver focal lesions detected by transabdominal ultrasound and with inconclusive criteria by triphasic computed tomography +/- magnetic resonant imaging then confirmed by pathological examination, 8 were regeneration nodules, 18 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 6 adenomas, 5 haemangiomas, 1 undifferentiated carcinoma,1 sarcoma., 2 abscesses and 1 dysplastic nodule. Conclusions: Ultrasound is a safe and rapid method of detecting hepatic focal lesions, also allowed ultrasound guided interventions. High proportions of inconclusive criteria by additional scans were observed in this study. In this case histopathology is recommended to confirm the diagnosis.