RESUMEN
Introduction: Central venous catheter related bloodstreaminfections is a fatal complication of central venous catheteruse and is associated with patient morbidity, mortality, andexcess hospital costs. Study aimed to determine frequency ofcatheter related blood stream infections in patients admitted inCardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit.Material and methods: This study was conducted atMicrobiology laboratory of Punjab Institute of Cardiology,Lahore. A total number of 134 central venous catheter tipcultures along with percutaneously drawn blood culturesfrom patients suspected of having catheter related bloodstream infection were collected. Blood cultures as well ascentral venous catheter tip cultures were processed to isolatemicroorganisms. Organisms were identified on the basis ofcolonial morphology, Gram staining and biochemical tests.Results: Out of 134 central venous catheter tip cultures,59.7% showed significant microbial growth. Most frequentcolonizers were Coagulase negative Staphylococci (31.1%),S. aureus (26.7%), Candida species (22.2%), Klebsiellaspecies (13.3%) and Acinetobactor species (4.4%). Out of 134blood cultures, microbial growth was obtained from 11.9%.Microbes responsible for causing central line associated bloodstream infection were Candida species (37.5%), S.aureus(25%), Klebsiella (25%) and Acinetobactor species (12.5%).Frequency of catheter related blood stream infection orfrequency of catheter related candidemia was found to be4.5%.Conclusion: Candida species emerged as important cause ofcatheter related blood stream infection in patients admitted incardiology intensive care units. Therefore in high risk patientscatheter related candidemia and administration of antifungaldrugs must also be considered.
RESUMEN
Objectives: To observe the frequency of non-firearm fatalities in interior of Sindh
Study Design: Observational / descriptive study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Mortuary of Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad [LUH] from 1st January, 2015 to 31st December, 2015
Materials and Methods: Fatality records were obtained from mortuary of [LUH] Hyderabad, which comprises of police inquest reports and postmortem reports
During study period 217 cases of Medico legal deaths were brought for postmortem examination in the mortuary of LUH. All cases were sorted according to age, sex and cause of medico legal / unnatural deaths and data was analyzed
Results: The most common type of unnatural death found in every age group was homicide. Among 155 homicidal deaths, road traffic accidents seen in 57 cases [36.77%] as the major cause of death mostly accidental but sometimes may be homicidal. Next cause is sharp weapons which engulf lives of 30 [19.35%] humans. Only 02 [1.29%] cases of suicide were brought to medico legal section. In 05 [3.22%] cases cause of death remains undetermined
Out of total 155 cases, 118 were males [76.12%] and females were 37[23.87%]. The age group most commonly involved was of 21-40years; next group with majority is between ages of 41-60 years while death in 01-20 years of age is equal to deaths in age group of 61-80 years
Conclusion: Our study concludes that among the homicidal deaths non firearm fatalities are predominately due to road traffic accidents followed by sharp weapons
RESUMEN
Background: Measles, though being a vaccine preventable disease, is still a major public health problem in many developing countries. It is a significant problem in Pakistan despite vaccine coverage rates reported at 80%
Objective: To assess the vaccination status among measles diagnosed children admitted in Sheikh Zayed Hospital Rahim Yar Khan
Patients and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 100 children at pediatric ward of Sheikh Zayed Hospital Rahim Yar Khan. Detailed history and physical examination of all the hospitalized patients with measles or complications of measles was filled in a performa consisting of questions regarding age, gender, residence, socioeconomic status and vaccination status of children. Questions were asked from mothers/attendants of measles diagnosed children. After collection of data, it was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 16
Results: A total of hundred hospitalized children with measles or complications of measles were included. 24% children were completely vaccinated against measles, 18% were incompletely vaccinated whereas 58% were not vaccinated. 44% were from urban area while 56% children were belonging to rural areas
Conclusion: Our study showed that majority of children were not vaccinated against measles. Programmes targeting mothers of lower socio-economic status such has those with no education, those in most poor households and with many children are required. Such programmes may include health education and immunization campaigns at the community level to improve coverage