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Objective:To investigate the distribution and influencing factors of the ocular biological parameters related to refractive development in school-age children.Methods:A cross-sectional study was performed.A total of 1 091 children aged 6-12 years old from July, 2017 to August, 2018, resident in downtown of Zhenjiang were enrolled in this study.The corneal radius of curvature (CR) and axial length/corneal radius of curvature ratio (AL/CR) were calculated after AL and corneal curvature (K) were measured by IOL Master.After pupillary dilatation with 0.5% tropicamide, cycloplegic retinoscopy was performed to identify refractive status.According to the spherical equivalent refraction (SER), all right eyes were classified into myopia, hyperopia and emmetropia.The comparison of the above parameters between different genders, as well as among different age groups and different refractive status groups were determined while the relative factors of the biological parameters and refractive status were analyzed by multivariate regression analysis.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University (No.K-20190153-W).Results:There were statistical differences in AL, SER and AL/CR value among different age groups ( F=32.34, P<0.01; F=33.69, P<0.01; F=2.19, P=0.04), which showed that refractive status shifted to myopia as well as AL and AL/CR value were increased with age.Compared with the girls, the boys had significantly longer AL, greater CR, greater AL/CR value, and smaller K ( t=7.58, P<0.01; t=-7.48, P<0.01; t=-8.08, P<0.01; t=-2.14, P=0.03). There were statistical differences in AL and AL/CR value among different refractive status groups ( F=192.68, P<0.01; F=143.15, P<0.01). The myopia group had longer AL and greater AL/CR value than the other two groups.Children whose parents were not myopic and children who had outdoor activities more than 14 hours per week and did homework less than 20 hours per week and children who slept more than 9 hours per day had shorter AL, smaller AL/CR value, and were more inclined to hyperopia or emmetropia.The results of multivariate regression analysis suggested that children aged from 6-12 years old with older age, female, increased height, parental myopia, and more time in homework or less time in outdoor activities per week may be more likely to have myopia, and longer AL or bigger AL/CR value was correlated with older age, male, greater body mass index (BMI), increased height, myopia conditions of parents, more time of doing homework, and less time in outdoor activities. Conclusions:The SER shifts to myopia with age in 6 to 12-year-old school-age children in the downtown of Zhenjiang.And there are significant differences in AL, CR and AL/CR value between boys and girls.Female, older age, increased height, more time in homework, less time in outdoor activities, and parental myopia are associated with more negative SER.
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Objective To study the current situation of pediatric emergency department of primary hospitals in Guangdong province,in order to provide evidence for the development of appropriate pediatric emergency skill.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in primary hospitals of Guangdong province by face to face and mail.The questionnaire was self-designed,including the hospital area and level set,the key equipment in pediatric emergency,common symptoms and diseases,the need for pediatric specialty in local medical colleges.Results60 questionnaires were released and 38(63.3％) were available,which were from 14 different cities of Guangdong province.Among the 38 hospitals,16 hospitals(42.1％) had no independent pediatric emergency;24 hospitals(63.2％) had no blood gas analyzer;23 hospitals(60.5％) without a defibrillator;22 hospitals(57.9％) had no bedside ultrasound,neonatal warm or warm box;17 hospitals(44.7％) had no bedside X-ray,infusion pump;13 hospitals(34.2％) without gastric lavage machine;12 hospitals(31.6％) without ventilator;8 hospitals(21.1％) without the monitor.Top five symptoms were fever,cough,vomiting,diarrhea,convulsion.The top five diseases were pneumonia,fever of unknown,acute gastroenteritis,hand-foot-mouth disease,convulsion of unknown.Only 5 hospitals (13.2％) thought there was no need for pediatric specialty in local medical colleges.Conclusion Shortages of the pediatric emergency equipments and specialists are very severe in primary hospitals,in order to improve the status of pediatric emergency,some ways can be explored:the construction of grassroots pediatric emergency should be speeded up;a grades regional system for child emergency transport should be improved as soon as possible;the appropriate pediatric emergency skills and training for primary hospitals should be explored and compiled into instructions;pediatric emergency health education could be implemented in child health care.
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Naringin is mainly present in Rutaceae Citrus Pomelo,grapefruit,lime,and its variants of the peel and fruit,which belongs to dihydrogen flavonoids.Studies have shown that naringin has anti-type 1 and type 2 diabetes pharmacological effects,the mechanism of action by inhibiting diabetes-related oxidative stress injury,inflammation,abnormal metabolism of glucose,and other aspects,while a certain degree of delay in diabetes complications (including diabetic cardiomyopathy,diabetic nephropathy,diabetic retinopathy,and diabetic neuropathy).The mechanism of naringin on the mechanism of diabetes mellitus and its complications was studied in order to provide the basis for the development of antidiabetic drug.
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Objective To observe the hemodynamic parameters of retrobulbar vessels of eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) by using color Doppler imaging (CDI) technique.Methods Pertinent publications were retrieved from the PubMed of The National Library of Medicine,the ISI Web of Knowledge of The Institute for Scientific Information,and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.Case control studies involved POAG patients were included.Changes in retrobulbar blood flow parameters including peak systolic velocity (PSV),end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI) of the ophthalmic artery (OA),central retinal artery (CRA) and short posterior ciliary artery (SPCA) were evaluated by CDI.The searching time was from the data base established up to April,2014.Meta analysis was used on the included articles,the mean difference (MD) along with 95 ％ confidence interval (95 ％ CI) of the blood flow parameters were calculated.Results Twenty-four articles were retrieved,including 1336 eyes as cases,1102 eyes as controls.PSV of POAG eyes was statistically signiflcantly lower than controls in theOA (MD=-3.05,95％CI:-4.49--1.61,P＜0.001),CRA (MD=-1.66,95％CI:-1.95--1.38,P＜0.001),SPCA (MD=-0.87,95％ CI:-1.49--0.26,P=0.005).EDV of POAG eyes was statistically significantly reduced than controls in the OA (MD=-1.78,95％CI:-2.14--1.41,P＜0.001),CRA (MD=-0.95,95％CI:-1.17--0.74,P＜0.001),SPCA (MD=-0.53,95％CI:--0.71--0.36,P＜0.001).Statistically significant increases in RI of POAG eyes than controls in the OA (MD=0.04,95％CI:0.03-0.05,P＜0.001),CRA (MD=0.06,95％CI:0.05-0.07,P＜0.001),SPCA (MD=0.04,95％CI:0.03-0.06,P＜0.001).Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that significant decreased velocity and increased resistance of retrobulbar blood flow are found in POAG eyes.