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ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the factors associated with reducing exposure to secondhand smoke among children in households of rural Bangladesh.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 410 smokers and non-smokers, in 6 villages of Munshigonj district was conducted. Data were collected randomly using a self-administrative questionnaire. Differences between variables were assessed using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test (as appropriate). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate associations. All results were presented as unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval. The level of statistical significance was reached when p < 0.05.ResultsA smoker in the household was determined to be a risk factor associated with exposure of other household members to secondhand smoke (p < 0.001). Higher education, strict implementation of household smoke-free rules, a higher influence of social norms and culture, as well as moderate knowledge on exposure to secondhand smoke were considered as preventive factors associated with exposure of others in the home to secondhand smoke.ConclusionExposure to secondhand smoke is an extensive and preventable risk factor for children, and reducing exposure to secondhand smoke will have a largely positive effect in the community. An effective public health intervention model may reduce secondhand smoking.
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Research was conducted to compare health equity levels between three groups. These groups were compared using the benchmark of fairness. Multistage cluster sampling methods were used. The sample size for quantitative study included 789 subjects in 10 provinces and was strengthened by a qualitative component in the form of in-depth interviews. Data analysis utilized ANOVA and Post-hoc Turkey means. The counters for health equity were analyzed by z-scores.Results revealed a significant difference on 7 of the 9 factors (p \< .001). Comparative measurements on Efficiency and Quality of Care (p=.170) as well as Administrative efficiency (p=.227) were not significant. With regards to z score analysis Thai National Citizens were the highest scored (z=.3293), Hill tribe Thai national citizens were average scored (z=.0516) and Hill tribe stateless were the lowest scored (z=-.3885). The means to reduce the gap between groups from the expertise aimed 1) The Hill tribe stateless data base. 2) The health needs budget for The Hill tribe stateless. 3) Only one standard in all health care units. 4) The disfigured nationality laws to support the stateless hill tribe. 5) The decentralization to local government to provide health services.In conclusion, the government health care units service all groups health needs in Thailand. It is here suggested that the Thai government bridge the gap with consistent policy to reduce the gaps between groups in all directions.
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The objectives for this study were to explore health promotion behaviors as well as factors that promote health behaviors. This study focused on public health personnel in the southern and of the northern region. A total of 511 persons participated in this study. Statistical analysis tools used in this study included frequency analysis, percentile analysis, mean, standard deviation, and chi-square.The results of the study show that in health behavioral aspect 62.4% of participants exercised sometime, and 18.8% exercised regularly. Results also showed that 8.0% of the participants smoked regularly and 8.6% drunk alcohol regularly. 43.6% of the participants indicated a normal stress level, 38.2% a mid level of stress, and 8.8% a high level of stress. When participants were asked about factors that contributed to their stress levels, 75.7% indicated stress from work, 53.4% from school, 34.1% from their current economic situation, and 17.8% from a relationship. 72.0% of the participants released their stress by saw movies, 35.2% by played sport, and 28.0% by consulted their family members. 40.3% of participants were exposed to the health promotion behavior in the classroom. A low number of these (24.5%) were master degree students who took the offered health promotion course. 18.6% of participants were exposed to train in the health promotion behavior. 79.8% of participants had joined the health club and health network in the health promotion program. 71.6% of participants had participated and contributed community to construct the health club and health network in the health promotion program. 19.4% of participants had conducted the research on the health promotion topics. Most participants indicated that they would like to continue their schooling in the health promotion field. Diseases found in the participants include: 1) 32.5 % with peptic ulcers, 23.8% with allergies, 16.8% with migraines, and 10.4% with high levels of cholesterol.The factors that are associated with health promotion behaviors found that gender is significantly associated with exercise, non-smoking behavior, not drinking alcohol behavior, as well as Body Mass Index. (p \< 0.001) Moreover, age is significantly associated with non-smoking behavior, Body Mass Index. (p \< 0.001)
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Background: Alcohol consumption can cause a negative impact that has been documented well in the literature on health and behavior. Objective: To explore alcohol-related diseases in Northern Thailand. Materials and methods: A matched case-control study was conducted at the ratio of 1:2. The sample size was 500 subjects in the case group and 1,025 subjects in the control groups. Questionnaires were used to collect data by face-to-face questionnaire and then to analyze frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, odds ratio, and conditional logistic regression. Results: Alcohol drinkers were likely to suffer from mental diseases 3.89 times more than those who did not drink alcohol. Alcohol drinkers suffered by 2.6 times, 1.9 times, 1.7 times and 3.0 times from neurological diseases, gastritis, liver cancer, and liver cirrhosis, respectively, compared to non-drinkers. Conclusion: Alcohol drinkers were at higher risk than non-drinkers for diseases. These findings should be considered in clinical assessment of disease.