Duplication cyst presenting as hydrocoele in a child

Enteric duplication cyst can occur anywhere in Gastrointestinal Tract [GIT], from oropharynx to rectum. Their presentation depends upon the portion of GIT involved. The most common site of GIT involved is small intestine, in 50% of cases. Small intestinal duplication cyst usually present with abdominal pain or mass and rarely as intussusception, volvulus or small bowel obstruction. It may also present very rarely as inguinal hernia of which only 2 cases have been reported yet. We report a 3 years child presenting as hydrocoele of the cord which turned to be duplication cyst which is very rare presentation

Substance dependence a hospital based surgery

To collect basic data on multiple and diverse issues such as drugs of dependence, smoking, initiation age, injection related harm, nutritional status, trauma, accidents, abnormal laboratory parameters and co-morbid conditions. Seven hundred and ninety nine subjects from a voluntary detoxification unit were studied. Four hundred and ninety seven charts from June 1995 to December 1995 were reviewed retrospectively. For the other 302 subjects admitted between September 1996 to December 1996, information regarding drug use, smoking, trauma, accidents and co-morbid conditions was recorded during the admission interview while the remaining data was later obtained from the charts. Sixty eight% were under 35. Ninety seven% were smokers and 55% started smoking before the age of 15. Sixty four% initiated drugs before the age of 25 while 34% had been on drugs for less than 5 years. Eighty seven% were using heroin or alcohol. Fourteen% were dependent on more than one drug. Among heroin users 91% were injecting, 21% had injection related complications, 69% had Hepatitis C Virus and 0.40% died. Forty four% had at least one current medical disorder, 59% had one abnormal labarotory parameter and 21% below normal Body Mass Index. Nine% had mental disorders and 1% presented with overdose. Twenty nine% reported unintentional injuries and 12% reported of road traffic accidents. Seventeen point five% had family history of drug use, 4.5% had mental disorders and 87% physical disorders. More accurate and reliable data is required. Current services need to be improved. Preventative measures should focus on early detection and intervention and a central body for information collection should be established

Substance dependence a hospital based survey

To collect basic data on multiple and diverse issues such as drugs of dependence, smoking, initiation age, injection related harm, nutritional status, trauma, accidents, abnormal laboratory parameters and co-morbid conditions. Seven hundred and ninety nine subjects from a voluntary detoxification unit were studied. Four hundred and ninety seven charts from June 1995 to December 1995 were reviewed retrospectively. For the other 302 subjects admitted between September 1996 to December 1996, information regarding drug use, smoking, trauma, accidents and co-morbid conditions was recorded during the admission interview while the remaining data was later obtained from the charts. Sixty eight% were under 35. Ninety seven% were smokers and 55% started smoking before the age of 15. Sixty four% initiated drugs before the age of 25 while 34% had been on drugs for less than 5 years. Eighty seven% were using heroin or alcohol. Fourteen% were dependent on more than one drug. Among heroin users 91% were injecting, 21% had injection related complications, 69% had Hepatitis C Virus and 0.40% died. Forty four% had at least one current medical disorder, 59% had one abnormal labarotory parameter and 21% below normal Body Mass Index. Nine% had mental disorders and 1% presented with overdose. Twenty nine% reported unintentional injuries and 12% reported of road traffic accidents. Seventeen point five% had family history of drug use, 4.5% had mental disorders and 87% physical disorders. More accurate and reliable data is required. Current services need to be improved. Preventative measures should focus on early detection and intervention and a central body for information collection should be established

Wernicke's encephalopathy in alcoholics

Wernick's encephalopathy should be suspected in all cases of confusion in nutritionally deprived individuals especially alcoholics. Both complete and limited forms of the disease can occur. Unfamiliarity with the condition, incomplete clinical picture and superimposed withdrawals may cause confusion and delay in diagnosis. Gait abnormality is the most outstanding feature of the disease. Ocular abnormalities may have prognostic significance. Response to intramuscular thiamine is good