RESUMEN
SHV-5 is a variant of SHV-1 and it is considered now one of the most important ESBL enzymes produced by Klebsiellae species. In this study we aimed to detect the prevalence of plasmid encoded SHV-5 among Klebsiellae strains causing nosocomial infections in Mansoura University Hospitals [MUH]. One hundred and seventy four Klebsiellae strains were isolated from overall 680 cases of nosocomial infections [25.59%] acquired within MUH over 4 months period from July to November 2004. One hundred and thirty six isolates [78.16%] of them were K. pneumoniae and 38 isolates [21.84%] were K. oxytoca. MICs [micro g/ml] of the isolated strains was done for augmentin, cefoperazone and ceftazidime using E test. One hundred and forty one [81.03%] of them were beta- lactamase producer as detected by nitrocefin discs, where 77 isolates from ?-lactamase producing strains were ESBL producers constituting 44.25% of Klebsiellae isolates. Sixty six ESBL producing strains of total 77 were isolated from cases of blood stream infections [85.71%]. Sixty five ESBL producing strains were isolated from neonatal intensive care unit [NICU] [84.42%]. All ESBL producing strains [n=77] posses at least one large plasmid > 23 kbp. SHV-5 gene was amplified by PCR after plasmid isolation from ESBL producing Klebsiellae isolates, reveal that 68 isolates [88.31%] were harbored SHV-5 gene on their large plasmids. In conclusion we found that the SHV-5-producing K. pneumoniae isolates were recovered from different wards of Mansoura University Hospital during the studied period. Thus, it was hypothesized that one clone may have persisted in that hospital. We recommend that infection control measure of endemic ESBL producers should include : the consumption of the broad-spectrum cephalosporins needs to be restricted to reduce the selection pressure which enables the proliferation of ESBL producers in hospital, continuous application of infection control program as; surveillance, hand washing and contact isolation procedure
RESUMEN
To confirm the presence of IL-8 in human seminal plasma, show differences between IL-8 concentrations in fertile and infertile subjects, and investigate the potential relationship between IL-8 concentration in seminal plasma and silent genital tract infection. A total of 20 chosen infertile, and 10 fertile men with no clinical signs of genital tract infection were investigated for basic infertility tests, and rological examination, seminal leukocyte count, seminal plasma IL-8 concentration by ELISA. For microbial screening, semen from cases and controls were cultured aerobically, detection of C.trachomatis and M.genitalium were done by PCR. We detected statistically significant difference [P<0.5] of IL-8 in seminal fluid between fertile and infertile men, but smong the infertile men the concentration of IL-8 in seminal fluid was not significantly correlated with leukospermia [correlation coefficient =0.252], nor with fertile group [correlation coefficient = -126], also no significantly correlation was detected between IL-8 concentrations and different semen testing including sperm count, motility in both studied group. Semen cultures revealed aerobic growth in 33% of ejaculates, with potentially pathogenic species in 21% of these specimens, statistically significant result was detected between aerobic culture and pus cells count [correlation coefficient =0.553]. By PCR, 30% of the sample from the infertile group were positive for C.trachomatis in comparison to 5% among the control group, while M. genitalium was found in 20% of the infertile group compared to 5% in the control group. Positive aerobic cultures were not related to IL-8 concentrations in seminal fluid with correlation coefficient =.096. While IL- 8 concentration give significantly correlation with C.trachomatis detection [0. 592]. IL-8 concentration is associated with infertility and may be of importance in diagnosis of male infertility. IL-8 concentration can't be used as a marker for diagnosis of silent genital tract infection among infertile men, nor associated with seminal leukocytes count and other potential inflammation markers, but IL8 concentration significant correlate with C.trachomatis detection