RESUMEN
Background: The aim is to evaluate spindle position of metaphase II oocyte and the development of embryos originated from oocytes with spindle and without spindle.Methods: Cross-sectional analysis Research: 250 MII oocytes were analyzed with polarized microscope in Military Institute of Clinical Embryology and Histology, Vietnam Military Medical University.Results: Spindles were detected in 170 (77.98%) of 218 metaphase II oocytes, 115 spindles (67.65%) of MII oocytes is beneath or adjacent to the first polar body, 55 oocytes had the spindle located between 300 and 1800 away from the first polar body. Fertilization rate and the rate of good quality embryos in oocytes with a visible spindle (77.98% and 61.02%) were higher than those in oocytes without a visible spindle (22.02% and 36.84%), the difference was statistically significant with p <0.001 and p <0.05.Conclusions: The spindle position of metaphase II oocytes is not always beneath or adjacent to the first polar body. Fertilization rate and the rate of good quality embryos in oocytes with a visible spindle were higher than those in oocytes without a visible spindle.
RESUMEN
The use of tobacco remains a significant public health concern among Asian American (AA) adolescents. Understanding the factors that affect smoking progression among Chinese and Vietnamese adolescents in particular, may help in illuminating potential interventions that can be implemented to maximize scarce programming and resources. This study is a longitudinal cohort study with data collected in California via telephone over a two-year period. 1,270 Chinese and Vietnamese American adolescents were recruited via telephone listings from one southern and four northern California counties. Main outcomes were smoking susceptibility and change in smoking status. Examination of these adolescents indicated that in both groups: boys were more likely than girls to become susceptible to smoking, risk behaviors were associated with becoming smokers, having been susceptible at baseline was associated with susceptibility and smoking at follow-up, and the influence of friends was a predictor of susceptibility and smoking.