RESUMEN
Objective To analyze the status of hepatitis B and BCG vaccination in children with special health status, and analyze the reasons for the delay of vaccination, so as to improve the timely vaccination rate. Methods A total of 1 129 children with special health status who were registered and vaccinated in our hospital from September 1, 2018 to January 23, 2020 were selected. All children were classified according to the major diseases based on the discharge records. The first injection time of hepatitis B and BCG vaccine was extracted, and the children were divided into different groups based on the number of people who delayed vaccination. The comparison between groups was performed by χ2 test. Results A total of 87 children without hepatitis B vaccination and 85 children without BCG vaccination were immediately vaccinated in our hospital after the establishment of the archives in our hospital. None of the 1 129 children with special health status had serious adverse reactions after vaccination. The most common diseases in the delayed hepatitis B vaccination children were premature infants, cardiovascular diseases, and nervous system diseases. The most common diseases in the delayed BCG vaccination children were premature infants, cardiovascular diseases, and neonatal disease. There was a significant difference between the number of delayed hepatitis B vaccination and the number of delayed BCG vaccination, with the number of delayed BCG vaccination being more (χ2=278.24, P<0.00). Conclusion Delayed vaccinations are common in children with special health status. Normal vaccination does not increase the incidence of adverse reactions in children with special health status. Medical staff’s understanding of diseases, types of diseases, and types of vaccines are important factors affecting the vaccination of children with special health conditions. Support from social environment, the understanding and cooperation from children's parents and guardians, and the understanding of medical workers on vaccines and diseases are the keys to truly improve the vaccination rate of children..
RESUMEN
Objective@#To characterize the relations between the practice of parenting and associated factors on children (0-5 years old) in urban areas of China, in order to provide evidence for promoting the early development of children and to provide positive guidance and service programs on parenting.@*Methods@#A total of 4 515 parents from 15 cities (14 provinces) were surveyed with a self-administered questionnaire. Parenting and Family Adjustment Scales (PAFAS) was used, including parameters as: consistency and coercive parenting, positive encouragement, parent-child relationship and parental emotion adjustment, family relationship and parental teamwork aspects, etc. Both single factor analysis and multiple linear regression were used to examine the associations between parenting practice, individual, parental and family factors.@*Results@#The mean score of PAFAS was 21.00 (15.00-28.00), associated with factors as children’s age, only-child family, premature delivery, father’s education level, confidence on parenting, problems regarding the parental mood, annual family income, family structure and behavior on seeking professional help, etc. Results showed that there were big differences on the practice of parenting in China and influenced by variety of factors.@*Conclusions@#The general situation of parenting was well, in the urban areas of China. The practice of parenting was associated with a series of individual, parental and family factors. Programs on improving the parenting skills and promoting the early development of children, should be highlighted.
RESUMEN
Objective@#To investigate the association between maternal nocturnal sleep during pregnancy and their infants′ nocturnal sleep patterns in early infancy by establishing a birth cohort.@*Methods@#In this prospective study,healthy pregnant women and their infants were recruited in Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children from September 2013 to January 2014. A total of 40 healthy pregnant women and their infants were enrolled, and 34 pairs (85%) completed the whole survey. Actiwatch, wearing on the mother′s wrist or infant′s ankle,was used to monitor nighttime sleep at home for 7 times in total,with 7 consecutive days for each monitoring course. Pregnant women were monitored at 16, 24, 32 weeks gestational age, and were required to finish Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale at the end of each monitoring. Their infants were initially monitored at 14 days after birth, followed by 1st, 2nd, and 3rd month after birth,with sleep diary recorded by parents. Pearson correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression were used to investigate the potential correlation between these two sleep patterns.@*Results@#The average nocturnal sleep time was (465±53) min throughout pregnancy, with increased trend in the latency of maternal nighttime sleep onset ((30±15), (34±29), (38±30) min) while decreasing of average sleep efficiency ((85±5)%, (84±8)%, (83±8)%). The longest night sleep duration decreased from (382±74) min in the first trimester to (330±83) min in the third trimester (F=4.932, P<0.05), while awakening time after sleep onset (WASO) correspondingly increased from (27±22) min to (53±25) min (F=12.605, P<0.05). In terms of infants, the latency of nighttime sleep onset decreased from (43±33) min on the 14th day to (20±29) min at 3-month of age (t=3.281, P=0.002), while the longest nighttime sleep duration increased from (20±62) min to (265±140) min (t=3.867, P<0.01); meanwhile, the total nocturnal sleep time and the sleep efficiency increased from (373±126) min and (63±28)% to (431±103) min and (75±16)%, respectively (t=2.362, P=0.024; t=2.418, P=0.039, respectively). After adjusting for maternal age and body mass index (BMI), parental educational level and family income, maternal mood, exposure to tobacco and alcohol during pregnancy, method of delivery, as well as infants′ gender, feeding patterns and gestational weeks, the regression analysis showed that the total nocturnal sleep time and the longest nighttime sleep duration during pregnancy were positively correlated with the corresponding parameters of their infants at the age of 3 months (B=0.541, 95%CI 0.168-0.914, t=2.882, P=0.005; B=0.310, 95%CI 0.035-0.586, t=2.240, P=0.027, respectively).@*Conclusions@#The total nocturnal sleep time and the longest nighttime sleep duration during pregnancy are positively correlated with the corresponding parameters of their infants in early infancy. Paying more attention to improve maternal sleep quality may facilitate their infants to establish sleep-wake patterns early.
RESUMEN
Objective To investigate the influence of intervention method on infantile physical growth and sleep awakening mode and its effect on infantile sleep problem.Methods Six hundreds healthy infants aged 1 month old voluntarily receiving health mangement in this hospital fnom May to August 2014 were selected and divided into the intervention group and control group.The sleep questionnaire was filled.All infants monthly received the common child health care conventional guidance follow up until 6 months old.The intervention group conducted the sleep cognition education and sleep problem consultation by the sleep specialist physicians issuing the infantile sleep health care education propaganda leaflets,then the the infants with sleep problems conducted the comprehensive intervention according to the sleep hel ath prescription.Results In the comparison of the infantile physical growth indicators,sleep awakening mode indicators and sleep problem occurrence rate between the two groups:(1) the infantile body height in the intervention group had obvious difference compared with the control group(P＜0.05).(2)The night waking frequency,night waking time,daytime sleep frequency and daytime sleep total time in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05),the night total sleep time in the intervention group was increased compared with the control group(P＜0.05),and the sleep latency,time to falling asleep and daytime naps time had no statistical difference between the intervention group and control group(P＞0.05).(3) In the sleep problems at 6 months old,the intervention group was significantly lower than the control group in the aspectof excessive night waking(P＜0.05),but the aspects of falling asleep overtime,awakening/going to bed rhythm disorder had no obvious difference between the two groups.Conclusion The early intervention strategy of cognitive behavioural intervention and health education can generate the favorable effect on the physical growth and sleep awakening mode in 0-6 months old infants and can reduce the occurrence of infantile sleep problems.
RESUMEN
Objective To explore life quality of infants with eczema and their families before and after treatment. Methods The infants with eczema were divided into food allergic group (FA group,n=46) and non-food allergic group (N-FA group,n=47). The eczema was evaluated by the areas of eczema and severity index (EASI). After 2 months of standardized intervention, the quality of life before and after treatment were assessed by the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire-Parent Form (FAQLQ-PF) and the Infant’s Dermatitis Quality of Life Index (IDQOL).Results There was no difference between the two groups in age, gender, family history of allergy and feeding patterns (allP?>?0.05). In FA group, there were 34 cases (73.91%) of egg allergy, 20 cases (43.48%) of milk allergy and 2 cases (4.35%) of carrot allergy. After the intervention, the scores of EASI, FAQLQ, and IDQOL were decreased obviously in the two groups, and there were statistical difference before and after treatment (P all?0.05); After two months of intervention, the total score of FAQLQ in FA group was higher than that in N-FA group (Z =2.83,P=0.005); the subscales of emotional impact, anxiety about food, and social/dietary restrictions were also signiifcantly different between FA group and N-FA group (Z=?2.13-2.89, allP< 0.05). Conclusions Parents of infants with food allergies are more likely to worry about infant's emotional changes and social, dietary restrictions. FAQLQ-PF is more speciifc for assessing the quality of life in food allergies.
RESUMEN
Objective To investigate the life quality in infants with food allergy before and after treatment by using of Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire - Parent Form(FAQLQ - PF). Methods The severity of eczema in 46 children with food allergy was determined by eczema area and severity index(EASI). The life quality of such infants was assessed by the FAQLQ - PF after 2 - months treatment. Results (1)Among the 50 subjects,46(92% )respon-ded to the tests;the average age was(4. 78 ± 1. 48)months. Twenty - nine(63. 04% )subjects had family history of allergic disease. Egg(73. 91% )was the most common allergen,followed by cow milk(43. 48% ),fish and shrimp (8. 70% ),and carrot(4. 35% ).(2)The scores of EASI,FAQLQ - PF in children with food allergy before treatment were 13. 20 ± 12. 86 and 2. 12 ± 1. 33,respectively,the scores after treatment declined(2. 02 ± 4. 40 and 1. 33 ± 1. 08, respectively),there was a statistical significance(t = 28. 070,4. 014,all P ﹤ 0. 05).(3)Compared with pre - treat-ment,the scores of emotional impact subscale and food anxiety subscale declined,from 2. 10 ± 1. 47 and 2. 63 ± 1. 83 to 1. 30 ± 1. 09 and 1. 68 ± 1. 37,respectively,and there were statistically significant differences(t = 5. 204,8. 818,all P ﹤ 0. 05).(4)There was a positive correlation between the EASI and FAQLQ - PF scores(ρ = 0. 205,P ﹤ 0. 05). Conclusions Food allergy adversely affects the quality of life in infants. The poor life quality is associated with more severe symptoms. The life quality in infants and parents can be improved by standardized treatment.
RESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the infantile nocturnal sleep-wake pattern developmental trajectory with Actiwatch, which would benefit the clinical assessment of infantile sleep.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>This study was a longitudinal study conducted between 7 Oct, 2009-30 Oct, 2011 in 10 hospitals of 9 cities of China ( Beijing, Xi'an, Qingdao, Wuhan, Changsha, Chongqing, Huzhou, Xiamen and Liuzhou). Actiwatch was used to track the sleep-wake pattern development trajectory of healthy infants in the first year of life in the home setting. Participating infants were followed up at 10th day and 28th day during the first month, and then monthly from the second to the sixth month after birth, and then at ninth and twelve months of age respectively. Meanwhile, infantile sleep was observed continuously for about 60 hours at each visit. According to the characteristics of repeated measurement data of this study, two-level random effect model was adopted to analyze the trend of infantile nocturnal sleep-wake parameters changing with age, and the gender difference.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>A total of 473 healthy infants were included in this study, among whom 246 (52.0%) were boys, and 227 (48.0%) were girls; 355 (75.1%) infants completed the whole year follow-up survey. With infants' age increasing, the latency of infants' nighttime sleep onset decreased from 66.8 minutes on 10th day to 15.5-18.7 minutes at 6-12 months of age. The number of night wakes also decreased with age, while uninterrupted sleep periods lengthened with age. On the 10th day, there were 3.0 times of nightwaking on average, and the longest continuous sleeping interval lasted for 227.6 minutes on average. At 12-month of age, infants could sleep continuously for 350.9 minutes at most on average, while the number of nightwaking decreased to 1.6 times per night on average. Generally, nighttime sleep efficiency increased from 66.3% on the 10th day to 86.3% at 12-month of age. The differences of sleep-wake patterns between boys and girls presented as boys' nocturnal longest uninterrupted sleep period was 19 minutes shorter(266.6 vs. 285.6 min), and the average nighttime sleep efficiency was 2.2% lower (74.2% vs. 76.4%) compared with girls respectively. And the differences of sleep efficiency between boys and girls reduced gradually along with the growth.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>During the first 6 months after birth, infantile sleep-wake pattern undergo obvious change. The capability of sleep-onset and uninterrupted sleep improved with age, and the sleep efficiency increased.</p>