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Aim To explore the effect of salidroside on the learning and memory ability of mice under high altitude hypoxia. Methods Forty-eight C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into plain control group, plateau model group and salidroside group according to their body weight, with 16 mice in each group. The animals in each group were given prophylactic doses for three days and then rushed to a plateau with an altitude of 4 010 m. After one day of hypoxia exposure, Morris water maze was performed to test the learning and memory ability of mice; malondialdehyde(MDA), hydrogen peroxide(H
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Hie high altitude hypoxic environment affects the pharmacokinetic process of rlnjgs by changing the body's gastrointestinal emptying rate, organ blood flow, drug plasma protein binding rate, dnjg metabolizing enzymes and transporter expression.Epilepsy is a brain disease that requires long-term medication.Most anti-epileptic drugs have a low therapeutic index and a narrow range of effective blood drug concentrations.'Ilierapeu- tic dnjg monitoring (TDM) is commonly used clinically to find the best individualized medication method for antiepileptic dnjgs.rI1iis article summarizes the commonly used anti-epileptic dnjgs and their treatment windows in clinical practice, and analyzes the influence of the pharmacokinetics of anti-epileptic dnjgs in the high altitude hypoxic environment, so as to provide reference for the clinical use of anti-epileptic drugs at high altitude.
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Aim To investigate the effects of altitude hypoxia on serum sodium valproate eoncentration and eerebral blood distribution.Methods Male mice were divided into control group and plateau group.Each group was given sodium valproate orally and intrave¬nously, respectively.UFLC-MS/MS was used to deter¬mine the concentration of sodium valproate in plasma and brain, and Western blot was used to detect the ex¬pression of P-gp in BBB.Results Compared with the control group, the ratio of brain/blood drug concentra¬tion in plateau group was up-regulated by 44.0% , 57.9% , 176.8% and 184.5% at 10, 30, 60 and 120 min, respectively.The ratio of brain/blood drug con-centration increased by 33.9% , 50.6% and 125.6% at 60 min, 120 min and 240 min in plateau group, re¬spectively.Compared with the control group, the ex¬pression of P-gp protein in BBB of mice in altitude group was significantly down-regulated by 58.46% (P < 0.05 ).Conclusions Compared with the control group, the brain/blood drug concentration ratio of val¬proic acid increases in high altitude hypoxia environ¬ment.Meanwhile, it is found that P-gp expression lev-el decreased in the brain mierovessels of mice under high altitude hypoxia environment, and the cerebral and blood distribution of valproic acid in mic increases in high altitude hypoxia environment.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Though myasthenia gravis (MG) is a typical autoimmune disorder, there was some controversy on the treatment of the childhood-onset MG. By observing the efficacy of different therapies, the authors analyzed the affecting factors of prognosis in childhood-onset MG.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The retrospective data of 155 patients with childhood-onset MG (age of MG onset was less than 15 years) were collected from Department of Neurology, Beijing Tongren Hospital (January 2000 - February 2010). The patients were non-randomly divided according to their treatment into 3 groups (glucocorticoid, thymectomy and glucocorticoid combined with thymectomy groups). Postintervention status meeting the criteria of Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) "complete stable remission, CSR", "pharmacologic remission, PR", "minimal manifestations, MM", or "Improved, I" was regarded as desirable response, which was used as primary indicator of observation. The authors assessed the efficacy of three therapies and analyzed the influencing factors of prognosis by using Chi-square test and Logistic regression.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>At 3 months of treatment, glucocorticoid group showed the highest effective rate. At the end of 1 year or 2 years of treatment, glucocorticoid combined with thymectomy group showed the highest effective rate respectively. The generalization rate of MG at 2 years, 10 years and 20 years in childhood-onset ocular MG patients were 4.3%, 10.7%, and 41.5%, respectively. Of patients with generalization of MG, 48.1% occurred within 2 years, 92.6% within 20 years. Univariate analysis showed that in childhood-onset ocular MG patients, variables such as age at onset (> 10 years), LG-MG and with chronic fatigue were significantly associated with general MG conversion. Whereas multivariate analysis showed that patients with age at onset (> 10 years) and chronic muscle fatigue were apt to convert to generalized MG.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Glucocorticoid appeared to have an effect that leads to early remission of symptoms in childhood-onset MG patients and glucocorticoid combined with thymectomy appeared to have better long-term effect. For those childhood-onset ocular MG patients with longer course of disease, older age of onset, chronic fatigue, or LG-MG, physicians should try to prevent the generalization of MG by immunosuppressive therapies.</p>