Effect of geniposidic acid on SHP-LRH-1 signaling pathway in cholestasis rats / 中南大学学报(医学版)

To explore the effect of geniposidic acid (GPA) on the signal pathway of small heterodimer dimer receptor (SHP) and liver receptor homologue 1 (LRH-1) in cholestasis rats induced by alpha-naphthalene isothiocyanate (ANIT).
 Methods: Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: a blank group, an ANIT group, an ANIT+GPA (100 mg/kg) group, an ANIT+GPA (50 mg/kg) group, and an ANIT+GPA (25 mg/kg) group (n=10 in each group). The GPA were intragastrically given to rats for 10 days, and the control group and the ANIT group were given normal saline. At the eighth day of administration, all rats except the blank group were given 65 mg/kg ANIT once until the tenth day. After the last administration, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and total bile acids (TBA) were measured. The primary hepatocytes (RPH) were isolated from normal rats and cultured. The cells were divided into a blank group, an ANIT (40 μmol/L) group, an ANIT (40 μmol/L)+GPA (4.00 mmol/L) group (A4.00G group), an ANIT (40 μmol/L)+GPA (1.00 mmol/L) group (A1.00G group), and an ANIT (40 μmol/L)+GPA (0.25 mmol/L) group (A0.25G group). The mRNA transcription levels of SHP and cholesterol 7 alpha hydroxylase (CYP7A1) in RPH were detected by real-time-PCR, and the protein levels of SHP and CYP7a1 were detected by Western blotting. In the LRH-1 silence experiment, the RPH were divided into a blank group, a negative transfection group, a siRNA-LRH group (ZR group), a siRNA-LRH+GPA (4.00 mmol/L) group (ZR4.00G group), a siRNA-LRH+GPA (1.00 mmol/L) group (ZR1.00G group) and a siRNA-LRH+GPA (0.25 mmol/L) group (ZR0.25G group). The protein and mRNA levels of SHP, CYP7a1, LRH-1 were detected. In the over-expression experiment, the RPH were also divided into a blank group, a negative transfection group, a LRH-1 over-expression plasmid group (OE group), a LRH-1 over-expression plasmid+GPA (4.00 mmol/L) group (OE4.00G group), a LRH-1 over-expression plasmid+GPA (1.00 mmol/L) group (OE1.00G group), and a LRH-1 over-expression plasmid+GPA (0.25 mmol/L) group (OE0.25G group). The protein and mRNA levels of SHP, CYP7a1 and LRH-1 were detected.
 Results: Compared with the blank control group, TC and TBA were significantly increased (both P<0.01) in the ANIT group, but there was no difference in TG; compared with the ANIT group, the contents of TC and TBA in the AG100 and AG50 groups were significantly reduced (all P<0.01). Compared with the blank control group, the proteins and mRNA levels of SHP were significantly decreased (P<0.01), while CYP7a1 were dramatically increased (P<0.01) in the ANIT group; compared with the ANIT group, the proteins and mRNA levels of SHP in the A4.00G group and the A1.00G group were significantly increased (both P<0.01), while the levels of CYP7a1 proteins and mRNA levels were evidently decreased in the A4.00G and A1.00G groups (both P<0.01). Compared with the negative transfection group, the proteins and mRNA levels of CYP7a1 and LRH-1 were dramatically restrained (all P<0.01), while there was no change in SHP in the ZR group; compared with the ZR group, the proteins and mRNA levels of SHP were significantly increased (all P<0.01), while LRH-1 and CYP7a1 were not changed in the ZR4.00G, ZR1.00G and ZR0.25G groups. Compared with the negative transfection group, the protein and mRNA levels of CYP7a1 and LRH-1 were significantly suppressed in the OE group (all P<0.01). Compared with the OE group, the protein and mRNA levels of SHP were evidently increased in the OE4G and OE1G groups (all P<0.01), while LRH-1 and CYP7a1 were not changed in the OE4G, OE1G and OE0.25G groups.
 Conclusion: The over-expression of LRH-1 in RPH can up-regulate the mRNA and protein levels of CYP7a1. GPA can improve the biochemical and liver pathology of ANIT-induced cholestasis rats, which may be related to the decrease of CYP7a1 by activating SHP through LRH-1 in RPH.

Damage Effect of Borneol on Rabbit Corneal Epithelial Cells / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To observe the damage effect of borneol on rabbit corneal epithelial cells. Methods After the treatment with borneol at 100, 200, 400 μg·mL-1 respectively, the viability of rabbit corneal epithelial cells was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT) assay, cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry with Annexin V- fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide ( FITC/PI) staining, and Caspase-3 mRNA expression was detected with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) . Results Borneol at the concentrations of 100, 200, 400 μg·mL-1 inhibited the activity of rabbit corneal epithelial cells. Compared with the normal control group, borneol increased the rate of apoptosis, and enhanced the Caspase-3 mRNA expression in rabbit corneal epithelial cells ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) . Conclusion Borneol can inhibit the proliferation of rabbit corneal epithelial cells, induce cell apoptosis through enhancing the expression of apoptosis-related gene Caspase-3 mRNA.

Extraction and Determination of Rhynchophylline and Isorhynchophylline in Ramulus Uneariae cum Uncis / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To explore the optimal method of extraction and determination of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline in Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis. Methods A RP-HPLC was performed on a Phenomenex C18 column (4. 6 mm× 150 mm, 5m) at 30℃. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-0. 01 mmol/L triethylamine solution (70: 30, pH 7.0 adjusted by glacial acetic acid) at the flow rate of 0. 5 mL/min. The automatic sample injector was set at 5℃ and the ultraviolet detector was operated at 245 nm. And then, the effect of different extraction condition on the contents of rhynchophylline and isorhyn-ehophylline in Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis was investigated. ResultsA good linearity of rhynchophylline was in the range of 2. 5μg/mL to 80. 0μg/mL (Y=76. 7170X-0. 0727,r=0. 999 8),the average recoveries were from 99. 84 ％ to 116. 91％, and the RSD (n=6) were less than 8.8 ％. A good linearity of isorhynchophylline was in the range of 2. 0 μg/mL to 80. 0 μg/mL (Y=87. 4729X-0. 3666, r=0.999 7), the average recoveries were from 87.08 ％ to 104. 97 ％, and the RSD (n=6) were less than 7.3 ％. The contents of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline in the methanol-extracted solu- tion were approximately ten times as much as those in water-decocted solution. The main factors which had effect on the ex-traction of rhynchophyUine and isorhynchophylline in methanol solution were supersonic time,methanol amount and cold-dousing time, in a decreasing sequence. The best condition selected by orthogonal experiment wasb as follows: extracting the medicinal material with 20-fold volumes of methanol, cold maceration for 24h and supersonic extraction for 1 h. Conclusion The extraction percentage of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline in the extraction condition of cold maceration with methanol and supersonic extraction is superior to that in the water-decocting condition. The method is simple, fast and accurate, and it can be used for the quality control of Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis.

Relation of openness of blood-brain barrier by borneol with histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Borneol can open blood-brain barrier (BBB) but the mechanisms are not very clear. Histamine and 5-hydroxtryptamine can take part in regulation of permeability of BBB. There is not report on the rela tion between the effect of opening BBB of borneol and the regulation of permeability of BBB of histamine (HA)/5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). OBJECTIVE: To study the relation between the effect of opening BBB of bornool and the regulation of permeability of BBB of histamine (HA)/5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT).DESIGN: A completely randomized and controlled study.SETTING: Clinical Pharmacological Institute of University of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangzhou.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out at the Clinical Pharmacological Institute of University of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangzhou from September 2003 to February 2004. Totally 104 healthy male SD rats, weighting 230-27.0 g, supplied by Guangdong Medical Experimental Animal Center, were selected.METHODS: The rats were randomly divided into 13 groups: pre-medicine group and post-medicine group (high, moderate and low dosage group and 5, 20, 45 and 60 minutes group in each dosage group) with 8 in each group. Borneol was mixed as 10% millet oil suspension. Rats were fasted before experiment for whole night, and medicine was perfused on the next morning with the high, moderate and low dosage of 0.15, 0.12 and 0.09 g/kg respectively. Hypothalami of rats was selected at various time points to make biological samples. Contents of HA and 5-HT were assayed with HPLC system electrochemical detector.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes of level of histamin (HA) and 5-HT in hypothalamus of rats after administration of borneol.RESULTS: Data of totally 104 rats was entered the final analysis. ① Contents of HA and 5-HT in hypothalami were 2.07±0.54 μg/g and 1.45±0.14 μg/g respectively. ② The level of HA in hypothalamus of rats after different doses of borneol were higher than that of before administration. Comparing the level of HA in 20 minutes after moderate dose with before administration, the level of HA in 20 minutes was increased significantly [(3.36±0.21) μg/g, P < 0.01], the others of moderate dose, the 45 minutes after high dose, the 20 and 45 minutes after low dose were also increased significantly than before administration (P < 0.05). ③ After administration of different doses of borneol, the level of 5-HT after high dose were higher than that of before administration [5, 20, 45 and 60 minutes after medicine: (1.90±0.32), (3.28 ±0.25), (2.66±0.46), (2.80±0.34) μg/g, respectively; (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01)]; the level of 5-HT after 5, 20 and 45 minutes of moderate and low dose were increased significantly too (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Borneol could open BBB by increasing levels of HA and 5-HT in hypothalamus of rats.Borneol mediates opening of BBB by increasing levels of HA and5-HT in rats.

Effects of cinnabar and realgar on lactate dehydrogenase and isoenzymes in rats with infectious cerebral injury / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: In order to improve the medication safety and remove export obstacles of Chinese preparations contained heavy metal and arsenide (cinnabar, realgar), it is necessary to carry on the evaluation on the efficacy and safety of cinnabar and realgar. At present, it has not been clear concerning to the pharmacodynamic mechanism of cinnabar and realgar in compound prescriptions yet.OBJECTIVE: To study the differences in cinnabar and realgar in angong niuhuang wan in the organism physiologically and pathologically so as to probe into those pharmacodynamic mechanism.DESIGN: A randomized and controlled trial.SETTING: Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of one university.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in January 2003. Totally 51 male SD rats weighted varied from 250 g to 300 g were employed, provided by Experimental Animal Center of First Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.METHODS: SD rats were randomized into 6 groups(8-10 rats/group),named as normal group, normal & angong niuhuang san (integral recipe) group(278 mg/kg), normal & cinnabar and realgar omitted angong niuhuang san(disassembled recipe) group(222.7 mg/kg), cerebral edema model group(ligature on unilateral carotid artery by injection of pertussis bacilli (PB), 2 500 million/kg), model & integral recipe group (medication 278 mg/kg was done 1 hour before model preparation), model & disassembled recipe group(medication 222.7 mg/kg was done 1 hour before model preparation) . Five hours later after once medication(4 hours later after PB injection in model group), blood was collected and brain homogenate was prepared.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Brain tissues, serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity and percentage enzyme activity of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes (LDH1-5).RESULTS: Compared with normal group, the general activity of LDH in normal & integral recipe group and normal & disassembled recipe group was significantly improved by 32.4% to 38.4% ( P ＜ 0.05); percentage enzyme activity of LDH1,2 was significantly increased( P ＜ 0.01 ), and that of LDH4, 5 was reduced( P ＜0.01) . Except LDH5, there were no significant differences in enzyme activity of isoenzymes in two groups. Compared with model group, the general activity of LDH in model & integral recipe group and model & disassembled recipe group was significantly improved by 23.4% to 38.5% ( P ＜ 0.01); percentage enzyme activity of LDH5 was significantly increased( P ＜ 0.01 ), there were no significant differences in two groups. In model & integral recipe group, percentage enzyme activity of LDH2,3 was significantly decreased( P ＜ 0.01), and that of LDH1,4 was no significant change. In model & disassemble recipe group, percentage enzyme activity of LDH1,4 was significantly reduced( P ＜ 0. 05, 0.01 ) and that of LDH2,3 was no significant change.CONCLUSION: In normal physiological state, angong niuhuang san produces a certain injuries on cardiac muscle and kidney. In pathological state of infectious cerebral edema, both integral and disassembled recipes inhibit LDH enzymes that have been over-activated, but the significant differences did not presented between both. Cinnabar and realgar in compound prescript provide the effects in various degrees on levels of LDH isoemzymas.

Effect of angong niuhuang wan on serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in rats with cerebral infarction / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Angong niuhuang wan consists of mercury and arsenic, which has drawn the attention on its safety. It is necessary to carry on the research on evaluation in its availability and safety.OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanic differences of angong niuhuang wan in the organic body physiologically and pathologically.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment based on the experimental animals.SETTING: Institute of clinical pharmacology affiliated to a university.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Institute of Clinical Phar macology affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March to April in 2001. Guangdong Medical Experimental Animal Center provided 24 SD male rats, weighted varied from 250 g to 300 g.METHODS: SD rats were randomized into 4 groups, named as normal group, normal & angong niuhuang wan group(normal & wan group), model of cerebral infarction group(model group) (The middle cerebral artery embolism was induced in rats by photochemistry. ) and model of cerebral in farction group & angong niuhuang wan group (model & wan group), 6 rats in each group. Medication instruction: gastric feeding was applied once daily, 0. 13 g/kg, totally for 7 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: contents of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes, LDH1-5.RESULTS: Contents of serum LDH1-3 in normal & wan group were significantly increased than those in normal group( P ＜ 0.01 ), of which, the values of LDH1, LDH2, LDH3 were(17.02 ±0.46)%, (14.70 ±0. 18)%,(15.47±0.13)% successively in normal & wan group, were(11.25 ± 0. 70) %, (8.26 ± 0. 90) %, ( 12. 86 ± 0.90) % successively in normal group. Content of serum LDH3[(15.51 ±2.60)% [ in model & wan group was significantly increased compared with that in model group[(10.93±2.10)% ] (P ＜ 0.01) . The contents of LDH4 were[(22.62 ±3.00)% ] and(28. 18 ±0. 80)% respectively in two groups, indicating significantly reducing( P ＜ 0.01 ).CONCLUSION: The organic injury of angong niuhuang wan is less in pathological state of focal cerebral infarction than that in physiological state,suggesting that the mechanic differences of angong niuhuang wan in organic body present in physiological and pathological states.

Comparison of Pharmacological Action and Acute Toxicity Test Between Chuanxinlian Soft Capsules and Chuanxinlian Tablets / 广州中医药大学学报

[Objective] To compare the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory actions and acute toxicity between Chuanxinlian Soft Capsules (CSC) and Chuanxinlian Tablets. [Methods] Antipyretic action of CSC was observed on rabbit fever models induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and rat fever models induced by baker's yeast. Rat models with pedal swelling induced by carrageenin, mouse models with auricle swelling induced by dimethylbenzene and mouse models with celiac capillary hyperpermeability induced by acetic acid were used to observe the anti-inflammatory action oi CSC. Its acute toxicity in mice was also evaluated. [Results] High- and moderate-dose CSC reduced fever in rabbits induced by LPS (P 0.05). High-, moderate- and low-dose CSC has an inhibitory effect on acute inflammatory exudation (P

Effect of Wuling Powder on rats with renal hypertension / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of Wuling Powder extract on rats with renal hypertension and to evaluate the influence of it on the volume of urine and the concentrations of Na(+), K(+), Cl(-). METHODS: Reformed Gold-blatt hypertension rat model (G-2K1C) was established. The rats were divided into 6 groups as follows: sham-operation group; model group, Wuling Powder high dosage group (80 g/kg), Wuling Powder middle dosage group (40 g/kg), Wuling Powder low dosage group (20 g/kg), and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) group (25 mg/kg). Urine volume of the rats was measured during the experiment. Tail arterial pressure and [Na(+)], [K(+)], [Cl(-)] in serum of the rats were detected after 30 days of treatment. RESULTS: The blood pressure of the G-2K1C rats was decreased in the three Wuling Powder groups (P0.05). Diuretic effect of the three dosages of Wuling Powder was weaker than that of the HCT (P0.05), but [K(+)] of the HCT group was significantly decreased compared with that of the false-operation group and the three Wuling Powder groups (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Wuling Powder extract had satisfying therapeutic effects in increasing the discharge of urine, decreasing the blood pressure and keeping the balance of the serum electrolyte contents in rats with renal hypertension.

Study on Zhipu Hollow Suppository in Preventing Postoperative Ankylenteron / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To observe the effect of Zhipu Hollow Suppository (ZHS) on postoperative ankylenteron in rats,and to investigate the possible mechanism.Methods Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into model group,ZPS group,positive control group,and blank control group,10 rats in each group.Rats were given corresponding drugs according to the experimental design after modeling.Rats were executed after medication for one week,and the pathologic changes of ileal serosa were observed under scanning electron microscope and the ultrastructure of ileal serosa cells was observed under transmission electron microscope.Results Results of the examination under scanning electron microscope showed that the arrangement of ileal-serosa mesothelial cells in ZHS group was regular,and the network structure arranged spindle-shaped with uniformity size and with the shape close to the normal ones.There was proliferation in mesothelial cells in the exposed base layer.Under the transmission electron microscope,mesothelial cells recovered well and the proliferation of fibroblasts was not obviously in ZHS group,but mesothelial cells disappeared and the secretion of collagen by fibroblasts was actively in the model group.Conclusion ZHS can prevent ankylenteron by promoting the ileal-serosa mesothelial cell proliferation,improving the ileal-serosa ultrastructure and protecting the ileal serosa.

Determination of Borneol in Aqueous Humor and Perfusate of Rabbit Cornea by Gas Chromatography / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To establish gas chromatography for determining the contents of borneol in aqueous humor and perfusate of rabbit cornea.Methods Naphthalene was used as the internal standard,samples were extracted by ethyl acetate and the chromatographic procedure was carried out in OV-1701 capillary column.The parameters were set as follows:Inject Temp,210 ℃;Oven Temp,30 ℃;FID Temp,250 ℃;Carrier gas:Nitrogen,3.0psi;Hydrogen,45 ml/min;Air,450 ml/min;split ratio,10:1.Results Borneol and isoborneol were well separated from other components.Borneol and isoborneol had an good linearity in the rang of 0.2～20 ?g/ml,R2 was 0.9953 for borneol and 0.9902 for isoborneol;and the intra-day and inter-day RSD were less than 9.68 %and 12.60 %respectively.Conclusion The method is simple and precise,and can be used for determining borneol in ophthalmological preparation.

Optimization of Compatibility Ratio of Rhizoma Zingiberis and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Extracts for Counteracting Rats Myocardial Ischemia by Uniform Design / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To observe the protective effects of the extracts of Rhizoma Zingiberis and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae on myocardial ischemia reduced by isoproterenol(ISO) in rats,and to explore their optimal ratio.Methods Acute myocardial ischemia rat model was established by continuously subcutaneous injection of large-dose.Then the content of the serum creatine kinase(CK) within 24 hours in rats were detected,and the optiaml ratio of Rhizoma Zingiberis and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae was optimized by uniform design.Results Compared with the control group,the content of CK in the model group was significantly increased(P

Effect of Borneol on ICAM-1 Expression in Retina of Ischemia-reperfusion Rat Model / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To investigate the effect of borneol administered by gastric gavage or external application on ICAM-1 expression in rat retina with ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods Rat ischemia-reperfusion model was established.Laser microscope and biological analysis microsoft were used to observe the change of ICAM-1 expression in retina or rats after gastric gavage or external application of borneol.Results Borneol administered by gastric gavage or external application obviously decreased the expression of ICAM-1 after the modeling for 24 hours,the difference being significant as compared with that in the model group(P

Studies on the Absorption Kinetics of Zingerone in Rats Intestines / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To determine the intestinal absorption characters of zingerone in rats.Methods The concentration of zingerone in the intestine perfusate was determined by HPLC.The absorption kinetics were obtained by the in-situ perfusion method in rats.Results The absorption rate constants(Ka) of zingerone were 0.0137,0.0135 and 0.0139 min-1 at the concentration of 25.0,50.0 and 100.0 ?g?mL-1,respectively;Ka of zingerone in the duodenum,jejunum,ileum and colon were 0.0070,0.0031,0.0032 and 0.0026 min-1,respectively.Conclusion Concentration of zingerone has no significant effect on its absorption kinetics.The best absorption segment of the intestine was duodenum,ileum,jejunum and colon by turns.The intestinal absorption of zingerone has the first-order kinetic characters with passive diffusion mechanism.

Residue Determination of Six Kinds of Heavy Metal in Rhizoma Curcumae Longae / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To determine the content of six heavy metal elements of arsenicum(As),mercury(Hg),cuprum(Cu),plumbum(Pb),cadmium(Cd) and chromium(Cr) in Rhizoma Curcumae Longae.Methods Samples were digested with microwave digestion system,and the contents of Cu,Pb,Cd and Cr were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry(GFAAS);the contents of As and Hg were determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS),and the reproducibility and recovery of the method were also examined.Results As and Hg contents in most of the products were below the limit.Only Cu,Pb and Cd contents exceed the limit.The recovery was 86.3 %～113.4 %and RSD was 10.4 %.Conclusions The method is simple and accurate,and can be used for the determination of heavy metal in Chinese herbs.

Study on Quality Standard of Jinyou Tankeqing Tablets / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To study the quality standard of Jinyou Tankeqing Tablets (JTT). Methods Total flavonoids in JTT were identified by TLC. Naringin content in JTT was determined by HPLC. Results The relevant spots of total flavonoids in JTT can be identified by TLC. The content of naringin in JTT can be determined by HPLC. The linearity of naringin was good in the range of 2～20 ?g (r= 0.999 9). The average recovery of naringin was 101.29 %with RSD = 2.58 %. Conclusion The established quality standard is simple,feasible and repeatable,and can be used for the quality supervisory of JTT.

Analgesic and Anti-inflammation Effect of Borneol / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To observe the analgesic action and anti-inflammation effect of borneol. Methods The analgesic action and anti-inflammation effect of borneol were observed by mouse hot-plate test,mouse acetic-acid-induced twisting test,mouse abdominal cavity capillary permeability increase test induced by acetic acid,and rat pedal swelling test induced by carrageenin. Results Borneol reduced the pedal swelling of rats,ED50=0.3242 g?kg-1,increased pain threshold in mice ED50=0.3870 g?kg-1,inhibited twisting response of mice obviously,ED50=0.5813 g?kg-1. In the same dose,the analgesic action of borneol was stronger than the anti-inflammatory effect. Conclusion Borneol has certain analgesic action and anti-inflammation effect.

Effects of Angong Niuhuang Wan on Amounts of Isoenzymes of Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase in Rats with Cerebral Infarct / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective:To investigate the different effects of Angong Niuhuang Wan on normal and pathological body. Methods:Cerebral infarct rat models were established by photochemically initiated thrombosis. The rats were randomly allocated to four groups. The control group and the model group were treated with 0.9%NaCl for seven days, and the control+drug group and the model+drug group with Angong Niuhuang Wan 0.13g/kg for seven days. Then amounts of idoenzymes of serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH1～5) were determinated by the method of gel electrophoresis. Results:The amounts of LDH1 and LDH2 in the model group increase obviously as compared with the control group(P

GC-MS Assay for Borneol of Compound Danshen Dropping Pill in Serum / 中药新药与临床药理

A specific and sensitive GC - MS method for assaying Borneol in the serum of rats medicated orally with compound Danshen dropping pill was developed. Naphthalene was used as the internal standard, the dectection was performed by SIM. The calibration curve was linear in the range from 0.00505 to 40. 1 ?g/mL, the detectable limit of this method was 1 ng/mL. The extraction recovery of Borneol was 72.82% - 86.77%. The RSD of within - day and day - to - day was less than 2.76% and 1.93% respectively. The results showed that this method was simple, sensitive, accurate and good reproducibility , and can be used in further pharmacokinetic study of Borneol in danshen Dropping pill.

Pharmacokinetics Study of Realgar and Its Tissue Distribution in Rats after Single Dose and Multiple Dose of Oral Administration / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To study the pharmacokinetics of arsenic from Realgar in rats and tissue distribution after single dose and multiple dose of oral administration.Methods Rats were orally administrated with single dose(75 mg?kg~(-1)) and multiple dose (75 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1),one dose per day,15 continuous days) of Realgar respectively.Arsenic concen- trations in serum and arsenic contents in organs and tissues were determined by atomic spectrophotofluorimetry alter mi- crowave digestion pretreatment.PK Solutions 2.0~(TM) software was used to process experimental data.Results Half-life of absorption,distribution and elimination of arsenic in rat serum were 4.30,12.59 and 22.70 hours respectively after single dose administration.Arsenic concentration reached to maximum concentration (46.0?g?L~(-1)) at 3 hours after ad- ministration,and then decreased.Twelve hours after administration arsenic concentration increased to the second peak concentration (42.0?g?L~(-1)).When Realgar was orally administrated in a fixed close and at a fixed interval,arsenic concentration maintained a steady state from the 7th day after the first administration,and the half-life of elimination was 43.61 h.Arsenic could be detected in the main organs and tissues of rats after administration of a single dose.The ar- senic was most accumulated in the spleen,hair,lung and suprarenal gland organs,and kidney,heart,liver,bladder and skin came next.Brain,testis,muscle and tibia had the least amount of arsenic.After 15 continuous days of admin- istration,arsenic contents in kidney and bladder tissues increased appreciably besides suprarenal gland,lung,hair and spleen.After 2 weeks of discontinuation,arsenic contents in organs and tissues decreased by 21.1%～69.5 % except for heart.Conclusion Small amount of soluble arsenic in Realgar was absorbed in blood circulation.Absorption,distri- bution and elimination of arsenic from Realgar proceed slowly in rats after single dose of oral administration.Multiple dose of oral administration prolongs the elimination of arsenic.Arsenic distributes widely in rats organs and tissues.It is the first reported that high arsenic accumulation is found in the suprarenal gland,indicating that the suprarenal gland is prob- ably one of the target organs of Realgar.

Study on Extraction Method for Assaying Jinyou Tankeqing Tablets / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To optimize the extraction method for assaying Jinyou Tankeqing Tablets(JTT).Methods With the total flavonoids content as the index,Orthogonal Experimental Design was used to optimize the extraction condition for assaying JTT.Results The optimized ultrasonic extraction method was as follows: adding 0.2 mL?mg-1 powder to 95 % ethanol,extracting for 30 min;the optimized Sohlex extraction method was: adding 1.2 mL?mg-1 powder to 95 % ethanol,extracting for 2 h,the former method being better than the later.Conclusion The optimized extraction method for assaying JTT is adding 0.2 mL?mg-1 powder to 95 % ethanol and extracting for 30 min with ultrasonic wave.